Tuberose absolute

Raw materials derived from intensive agricultural cultivation are usually relatively inexpensive. However, the prices of some natural materials may exceed 1000 per kilogram because cultivation and harvesting of these plants are tedious and product yields are very low. Examples of extremely valuable ingredients of fragrance and flavor creations include rose oil, jasmine absolute, tuberose absolute, orris root oil, ambrette seed oil, angelica root oil, and orange flower oil [220]. 

Tuberose absolute is obtained by solvent extraction, via the concrete, from the blossoms of Polianthes tuberosa L. (Agavaceae). The plants are cultivated in Egypt and India. Tuberose absolute was formerly produced in southern France by enfieurage. It is an orange to brown liquid with a sweet-narcotic blossom odor and is used in modern, flowery perfume compositions. Its main constituents are esters of benzoic acid [801, 802], FCT 2000 (38, suppl. 3) p. S231, [8024-05-3], [94334-35-7],... 

Methyl anthranilate 172 (Structure 4.51) is found in the oils of sweet orange, lemon, mandarin, bergamot, neroli and ylang-ylang oils and jasmine and tuberose absolutes. Methyl N-methyl anthranilate 173 is the main constituent of mandarin petit grain oil, and occurs also in bitter orange, mandarin and rue oils. 

India, most tuberose absolutes are obtained by solvent extraction. The two types of product are very different in olfactory character, with the more modem product being greener and lacking much of the "jammy richness of the original, which was so important in many of the earlier perfumes. 

Alkanolides (hydroxyalkanoic acid lactones), y- and 6-lactones usually occur together in flavors, as well as in flower extracts, e. g. tuberose absolute. In fruit flavors such as apricot, mango, nectarine, and peach 4-A. are more frequent, while in butter and coconut flavor the 6-lactones predominate. The lactones Cg-C 2... 

C oH 02, Mr 168.24. A liquid with a fruity-flowery odor, bp. 95-96°C (40Pa). (-)-d-J. ([aJu -30.4°, neat), found, among others, in jasmin(e) absolute and tea flavor, (+)-d-J. occurs in tuberose absolute, peach and mango flavor. For general and stereoselective syntheses, see Lit.. The peach-like smelling y-J. in the (+)-form contributes to the flavors of peach, mango, and yellow passion fruit. For analysis and preparative chromatographic separation of the enantiomers, see Lit., biosynthesis Lit.. The jasmolac-tones A-D are bicyclic structures. ... 

Occurrence In many flowers (oils), e.g., wallflower, jasmin(e) absolute, orange oils, tuberose absolute, and ylang-ylang oil as well as the juice of the Concord grape (Vitis labrusca). M. is also responsible for the characteristic odor of the fruit bodies of Cortina-rius odoratus and Hygrophoropsis olida. 

Tuberose absolute. Yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, slightly viscous oil with a heavy, honey-like sweet, anesthetizing, flowery odor that is often found to be pleasant on dilution. 

T. is a tall, slender, long-stemmed plant with several small, white flowers alongside the top part of the stem. The flowers are extremely fragrant, especially at night, and continue to be so for several days after being picked. This makes them an ideal material for the production of a floral - pommade, which then is frirther extracted to jdeld tuberose absolute. 

The plant originates in Central America and grows wild in a multitude of tropical and subtropical countries. It is cultivated in France, India, Morocco, Egypt and the Comoro Islands for the production of tuberose absolute. 

R = CH2C6Hs, C14H12O2, Mr 212.25, 6p2.okPa 170-171 °C, df 1.1121, ng 1.5680, is the main component of Peru balsam oil. It occurs in fairly large amounts in a number of blossom concretes and absolutes (e.g., tuberose and hyacinth). It forms either a viscous liquid or solid flakes mp 21 22°C) and has a weak, sweet-balsamic odor. It is prepared either by transesterification of technical methyl benzoate with benzyl alcohol, or from benzyl chloride and sodium benzoate. A third process starts with benzaldehyde which is converted in high yield into benzyl benzoate in the presence of sodium or aluminum benzylate (Tishchenko reaction). 

The green side of the perfume which is less pronounced than in Fidji, and more floral, is based on phenylacetaldehyde and cA-3-hexenyl acetate with perhaps a trace of galbanum. Narcisse absolute may also be used. Other materials that add to the building up of the white flower character are Lilial and cyclamen aldehyde in addition to the hydroxycitronellal and Lyral. The tuberose character can be given by the use of the Schiff base derived from methyl anthranilate and Helional, or by the direct addition of methyl anthranilate. The mossy side of the perfume is represented by Evemyl. 

Although natural flower absolutes are less important than in Chanel No. 5 and Arpege in establishing the essential character of the fragrance, rose, jasmin, and tuberose may be added, together with tonka, to back up the coumarin (1.5%), and a trace of natural vanilla. A trace also of ambrette seed can give a wonderful smoothness to the composition, working particularly well as part of the rose accord. 

Spagyric Sulphur of plants) are obtained by steam distillation. Enfleurage is a technique particularly useful for elusive scents, such as jasmine and tuberose which break down at the temperatures of distillation. Petals are placed on a bed of scentless fat which absoibs the fragrance, repeating this daily for up to three months the fat becomes saturated with scent. It is then soaked in alcohol and warmed to extract the fragrance, then cooled, filtered and the alcohol evapourated to leave an ABSOLUTE. CONCRETES, waxy solids or thick liquids, are obtained using hydrocarbon solvents to extract the oils with other materials from plants processed with alcohol they too yield absolutes. 

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