Tritonal origin

London, E. and Brown, D. A. (2000) Insolubility of lipids in triton X-100 physical origin, and relationship to sphingolipid/cholesterol membrane domains (rafts) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1508,182-195. 

A hydrogen isotope with a nucleus consisting of one proton and two neutrons (the nucleus is referred to as the triton). Tritium, a radioisotope symbolized by iH or T, decays by negative beta emission (0.01860 MeV) with a half-life of 12.32 years. The atomic weight of tritium is 3.01605 amu. It is frequently used in metabolic and kinetic experiments. The following decay data indicate the time followed by the fraction of original amount at the specified time 0, 1.000 1 month, 0.995 2, 0.991 3,... 

Marszall (1988) studied the effect of electrolytes on the cloud point of mixed ionic-nonionic surfactant solutions such as SDS and Triton X-100. It was found that the cloud point of the mixed micellar solutions is drastically lowered by a variety of electrolytes at considerably lower concentrations than those affecting the cloud point of nonionic surfactants used alone. The results indicate that the factors affecting the cloud point phenomena of mixed surfactants at very low concentrations of ionic surfactants and electrolytes are primarily electrostatic in nature. The change in the original charge distribution of mixed micelles at a Lxed SDS-Triton X-100 ratio (one molecule per micelle), as indicated by the cloud point measurements as a function of electrolyte concentration, depends mostly on the valency number of the cations (counterions) and to some extent on the kind of the anion (co-ion) and is independent of the type of monovalent cation. 

We used the Gd targets for a number of charged-particle reaction experiments for nuclear structure studies. 0 For one of the targets, a sample triton spectrum from the °Gd (p,t) °Gd reaction is shown in Fig. 1 which is a computer reconstruction of the original data on a linear energy scale and combines the results of five separate experiments. Each experiment revealed only a portion ( 20%) of the total spectrum. The spectrum is of excellent quality and, in particular, is free from contaminating peaks caused by other rare-earth materials. 

In the 100% S emulsion stabilized by SLS, a sample containing 3% MM A was not F/T stable but became stable following addition of an amount of Triton X-405 equal to the SLS originally used. This was expected on the basis of the previous arguments and is consistent with the... 

Carbon-based sorbents are relatively new materials for the analysis of noble metal samples of different origin [78-84]. The separation and enrichment of palladium from water, fly ash, and road dust samples on oxidized carbon nanotubes (preconcentration factor of 165) [83] palladium from road dust samples on dithiocarbamate-coated fullerene Cso (sorption efficiency of 99.2 %) [78], and rhodium on multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with polyacrylonitrile (preconcentration factor of 120) [80] are examples of the application of various carbon-based sorbents for extraction of noble metals from environmental samples. Sorption of Au(III) and Pd(ll) on hybrid material of multiwalled carbon nanotubes grafted with polypropylene amine dendrimers prior to their determination in food and environmental samples has recently been described [84]. Recent application of ion-imprinted polymers using various chelate complexes for SPE of noble metals such as Pt [85] and Pd [86] from environmental samples can be mentioned. Hydrophobic noble metal complexes undergo separation by extraction under cloud point extraction systems, for example, extraction of Pt, Pd, and Au with N, A-dihexyl-A -benzylthiourea-Triton X-114 from sea water and dust samples [87]. 

IEF can also be carried out under denaturing conditions, for example in the presence of 9 M urea. For the analysis of hydrophobic proteins, non-ionic detergents such as Nonidet NP-40 or Triton X-100 can be added to the sample and the IEF gel. Analytical IEF is used to determine the pi of proteins, and also as a critical check of the homogeneity of protein preparations. The reprodudbility and resolving power of the technique is exploited in various applications where it is used to establish the identity and complexity of protein mixtures for example in food analysis, the origin of proteins in milk preparations, and in clinical analysis, determining the isoenzyme profile of apolipoproteins. 

Many characterized INM proteins have been shown to interact with lamins (Ye et al. 1998). For the subset of putative NETs that share this characteristic, a more definite result can be achieved. As previously discussed, the lamin polymer is insoluble to extraction with detergent and salt therefore retention of NETs in cells extracted with detergent (e.g. 0.5% Triton X-100) prior to fixation for microscopy confirms their direct, or indirect, association with the lamin polymer and NE localization. However, loss of the protein to a pre-extraction with detergent would occur for proteins not tethered to the lamin polymer whether they are normally localized to the INM, ONM, or ER. All eight of the putative NETs originally tested targeted to the NE, but only five remained at the NE after the detergent pre-extraction (Schirmer et al. 2003). 

Several methods for the isolation of PBS have been established [81,104,105,138]. Principally they are based on the observation that PBS are only stable in solutions of high ionic strength, e.g. 0.75-0.9 M potassium phosphate. The PBS are detached from the membranes with 2% Triton X-100. The function of the intact PBS is tested by fluorescence emission spectra at 680 nm upon excitation at 550-650 nm. Most of the structural data describing the PBS originate from the hemidis-coidal type, as reviewed in Refs. 1,77 and 79-86. The complex architecture of the PBS rods and core is best described for the PBS of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 (a cyanobacterium which contains C-PC but neither PEC nor C-PE in the rods) with a bicylindrical core and for the PBS of the cyanobacterium Syne-chocystis 6701 (which contains C-PC and C-PE in the rods) with a tricylindrical core (reviewed in Refs. 1, 139 and 140). Each cylinder in the core is formed by four complexes of APC trimers with linker polypeptides cylinder A,... 

The history of Neptune and its system of rings and satellites was likely profoundly affected by the capture of of Triton. It is thought that Neptune had an earlier system of satellites and perhaps rings, but the capture of Triton disrupted Neptune s original system causing possible ejection of some satellites, reformation of others (i.e., the... 

Subjects Original homogenate Lysosomal fraction Lysosomal fraction + Triton... 

Replacement of the original lysis buffer (50 mM Tris) with STET (50 mM Tris containing 8% sucrose, 5% Triton X-100, 50 mM EDTA) (25) produced the best results. The purification achieved by this extraction is shown in Figure 1, lane 5. The CK pellet isolated from STET appears to be as pure as that isolated from 50 mM Tris followed by octyl glucoside extraction (Figure 1, lane 4). The STET extraction procedure has two other advantages it is less expensive to use than octyl glucoside, and it reduces the number of steps in the purification scheme. 

---