Trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid

Ammonia aqueous solution (35% v/v). Widely available chemical. Used to introduce free amino groups in the epoxy-activated beads, which can be quantified by the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) test (see Note 3). Hazards Poison,... 

Tozaki, H. Fujita, T. Odoriba, T. Terabe, A. Okabe, S. Muranishi, S. Yamamoto, A. Validation of a pharmacokinetic model of colon-specific drug delivery and the therapeutic effects of chitosan capsules containing 5-aminosalicylic acid on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1999, 51, 1107-1112. 

When ATP and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid are mixed at pH 9.5, 2 - (or 3 -) 0-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine-5 -triphosphate (22) is formed, which binds to, and is hydrolysed by, heavy meromyosin. This ATP derivative exhibits reversible formation of a Meisenheimer complex, with pK 5.1. The... 

For example, if the modification reaction takes place via the lysine groups, the free lysine groups can be determined by ninhydrin [32,34], trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid [35,37], ortho pthalaldehyde [38,62], etc. 

The simpler nitrogenous constituents of wort consist principally of a-amino acids which can be estimated by the colour reaction either with indane-1,2, 3-trione hydrate (ninhydrin) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid. With ninhydrin, a-amino acids develop a violet colour which can be measured at 570 nm while proline, an important imino acid in wort and beer, gives a yellow colour measured at 440 nm. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid is more specific, for amino acids and does not react with proline or ammonia. It forms yellow derivatives which can be estimated colorimetrically at 340 nm. 

To accelerate healing of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats, chitosan microcapsules loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug, 5-aminosalycylic acid (5-ASA), have been evaluated in Japan [41]. In conclusion, several research groups deal with development of chit-osan-based microparticles with entrapped insulin as peroral delivery systems [42,43]. 

Figure 6. The formation of N-trinitrophenyl derivatives by reaction of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid with amines.

In a parallel study Hullin, Kim and Salem (1989) have described the reversed-phase separation of individual molecular species of PE and PS (rat brain and human red blood cells) as the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNP) derivatives. This allowed excellent resolution of the diacyl and alken-ylacyl species of PE. The identity of the resolved species was confirmed by TS/MS. The TNP derivatives fragmented in a manner similar to other PLs, with DGs and MGs providing the base peaks. Under reversed-phase HPLC conditions, the retention times of the TPN derivatives depended both on the polar head-group and on the fatty acid composition of the PL. The TNP derivatives of PS eluted at a lower methanol concentration than the corresponding species of PE. The brain PS was resolved into 11 components, the identities of which were confirmed by LC/TS/MS (Kim and Salem, 1987). 

Albumins.—Albumin has been treated with neutralized 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulphonic acid to yield a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-albumin derivative which when immobilized is useful for affinity chromatography. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl derivatives of albumin have been prepared for immobilization and use as immunoadsorbents. ... 

A trinitrobenzene sulphonate ion-selective electrode has been used for the kinetic determination of glucose and fructose during the reaction of an excess of these sugars with trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid in alkaline solution at 4S-60°C. ... 

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