Trimellitate plasticizers

TrimeUitic anhydride is converted to PVC plasticizers, polyesters, water-soluble alkyd coatings, and polyamide—imide resias. The trimellitate plasticizers have a lower volatility than those derived from phthaUc anhydride (see Plasticizers). 

PaLatinol . [BASF] Phthalates, adipates, or trimellitates plasticizer for PVC, ni-trocelluiose dyes, rubber, plastisols. 

Jayflex . [Exxon] Proprietary, phdia-late, adipate, or trimellitate plasticizers. 

Plasthall DO A. See Dioctyl adipate Plasthall DOP. See n-Dioctyl phthalate Plasthall DOS. See Dioctyl sebacate Plasthall DOZ. See Di octyl azelate Plasthall ESO. See Epoxidized soybean oil Plasthall NODA. Seen-Octyl, n-decyl adipate Plasthall TIOTM. See Triisononyl trimellitate Plasthall TOTM. See Trioctyl trimellitate Plasticizer SC-B. See PEG-3 dicaprylate/caprate Plasticryl 600, Plasticryl BF-44C. See Polyacrylic acid... 

Distearyl thiodipropionate Ditridecyl thiodipropionate Poly-a-methylstyrene Trixylenyl phosphate plasticizer, absorption bases Lanolin alcohol plasticizer, ABS-PC Triphenyl phosphate plasticizer, acrylate elastomers Triisononyl trimellitate plasticizer, acrylate resins Diisooctyl phthalate plasticizer, acrylic coatings Benzyl phthalate Butyl benzyl phthalate Polypropylene glycol dibenzoate plasticizer, acrylic latex 2-Pyrrolidone... 

Dibutoxyethyl azelate Diphenyl octyl phosphate Pentaerythrityl tetrabenzoate plasticizer, cable/wire Asphalt, oxidized plasticizer, car upholstery Trioctyl trimellitate plasticizer, casein Sodium lactate plasticizer, castable PU Butyl benzyl phthalate Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate plasticizer, caulk... 

Calcium saccharate PEG-6M PEG-35M plasticizer, ceramics Hydroxypropyl guar Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose Methylcellulose Methyl hydroxyethylcellulose plasticizer, chewing gum Acetylated hydrogenated cottonseed glyceride Methyl ester of rosin, partially hydrogenated Pentaerythrityl rosinate Rice (Oryza sativa) wax Stearic acid plasticizer, chlorinated plastic Tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate plasticizer, chloroethylene copolymers Trioctyl trimellitate plasticizer, chlorosulfonated rubber Triisooctyl trimellitate plasticizer, cigarette filters Triethyl citrate plasticizer, cleansers Lanolin alcohol PEG-30 lanolin plasticizer, clear vinyl film Triisopropylphenyl phosphate plasticizer, cloth film Acetamide... 

Meroxapol 174 Meroxapol 252 Meroxapol 254 Meroxapol 258 Meroxapol 311 Methyl abietate Methyl linoleate Oleyl alcohol Paraffin, chlorinated PEG-20 stearate Polyvinyl methyl ether Propylene glycol laurate Propylene glycol myristate Triglycol monomethyl ether Trioctyl trimellitate plasticizer, paints/coatings Methyl hydroxyethylcellulose Triaryl phosphate plasticizer, paper... 

Asphalt, oxidized Isodecyl benzoate Paraffin, chlorinated Trioctyl trimellitate plasticizer, SEBS rubber Polymethyloctylsiloxane plasticizer, secondary... 

Plasticizer volatilization is directly related to the vapor pressure of the plasticizer. Volatilization losses will occur during processing and during use at elevated temperatures. Changes of as little as one carbon number of the alcohol group in a common series of esters can lead to significant reductions in losses, as shown in Fig. 24.3. For example, by substitution of DEHP in a flexible PVC formulation with DINP, the amount of volatile loss will be reduced by more than 50%. A CIO phthalate will have about one-third the losses of a DEHP formulation. If very low volatility losses are required, trimellitate plasticizers and polymeric plasticizers can be used. 

While HNBR and NBR can be compounded with many of the same plasticizers and softeners, care must be taken with HNBR to assure that the plasticizer used is not so volatile that it detracts from the overall heat resistance of the finished compound. Common plasticizers used at a 20 phr level are summarized in Table 3.10 [15]. While plasticizers such as Dioctyl phthalate and dibutoxy ethoxy ethyl adipate are effective in reducing hardness and viscosity, they are also volatile at high temperatures and can give finished part shrinkage in prolonged heat aging. For an overall balance of low-temperature flexibility improvement, viscosity reduction, and stabUity to heat aging, the trioctyl trimellitate and the triisononyl trimellitate plasticizers are excellent choices. 

Trimellitate plasticizers can be added if necessary for processing. Plasticizers should be used at low levels and the carbon black level adjusted to maintain hardness. Refer to the text for guidelines on plasticizer addition to dipolymers. 

Table 7.16 shows typical performance properties of phthalate/trimellitate plasticizer blends in PVC formulations tested at both 15 and 30 mil (0.38 and 0.76 mm) thickness for 7 days at 136 °C. 

Coatings for luggage exteriors must be durable. Typical compounds use 50-70 phr of DINP or DIDP, 10-20 phr calcium carbonate filler, colorants as required, 2-3 phr 5-7 p,m AZO, and 2-3 phr of a liquid activator-stabilizer. In almost all applications, DOP has been replaced with plasticizers of lower volatility. This is particularly true of automotive upholstery. DIDP blends with trimellitate plasticizers have become common use levels are typically about 80 phr, with 5-10 phr calcium carbonate, colorants as needed, 2-3 phr of 3 pm AZO, and 2-3 phr of activator-stabilizer. Lower residual odor is achieved with 3-5 phr 3 p,m OBSH instead. 

Electrical Coatings (Bus Bars and Cable Trays) These tend to be similar to the wire insulation coatings associated with them that is, they use higher phthalate and trimellitate plasticizers, and lead stabilizers. In fact, the addition of 2-3 phr dispersion resin to the standard PVC insulation compound used with the coated article will usually generate the powder coating formulation. 

The compounds used are semirigid and, in some cases, ABS blends. In the case of a straight PVC compound, 30-40 phr of a low-volatility phthalate or trimellitate plasticizer is used. From 15 to 20 phr calcium carbonate is supplemented with 1 phr titanium dioxide, 1-2 phr antimony trioxide for improved flame resistance, 2-3 phr ESO, colorants as required, and about 0.1 phr (or less) stearic acid. The stabilizers used are barium/zinc or calcium/zinc powders supplemented with mineral acid absorbers and also a source of perchlorate anion. The latter is active in scavenging amine catalysts migrating fiom the PUR layer, which rapidly discolor PVC. If need be, minor amounts of dispersion resin or of acryhc processing aid can be added to compounds such as the above to improve flowability. Although principally used in the United States for instrument panels, European and Japanese usage in arm and head rests has also been reported. 

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