Triglyceride side effects

Guanfacine. Guanfaciae, used ia patients having mild to moderate hypertension, can lower blood pressure 50/25 mm Hg (systoHc/diastoHc) ia hypertensive patients. Side effects such as sedation, dry mouth, and asthenia are less as compared to those of guanaben2 and clonidine. Guanfaciae reduces blood cholesterol and triglyceride and does not cause glucose iatolerance. 

The maximum changes achieved in a study were -20% total serum cholesterol, -40% serum triglycerides and +15% HDL-cholesterol [2]. However, there are considerable short- and long-term side-effects. The treatment should therefore be monitored by a doctor. 

Systemic treatment of 13-cis retinoic acid frequently leads to cheilitis and eye irritations (e.g., unspecific cornea inflammation). Also other symptoms such as headache, pruritus, alopecia, pains of joints and bone, and exostosis formation have been reported. Notably, an increase of very low density lipoproteins and triglycerides accompanied by a decrease of the high density lipoproteins has been reported in 10-20% of treated patients. Transiently, liver function markers can increase during oral retinoid therapy. Etretinate causes the side effects of 13-cis retinoid acid at lower doses. In addition to this, generalized edema and centrilobulary toxic liver cell necrosis have been observed. 

The most frequent side effects when using j3-adrenoblockers are feelings of fatigue, coldness in the extremities, and also an increase in the level of triglycerides and lipoproteins in the blood. 

Side-effects of thiazide diuretics predominantly consist of metabolic changes, such as hypokalaemia and rise of plasma uric acid levels, glucose, and lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides). These metabolic changes are clearly less pronounced when... 

The serious side effects of sirolimus may include an allergic reaction, increased risk of infection and lymphoma. Nephrotoxicity is not a concern when the drug is not used in combination with cyclosporine or tacrolimus. Less serious side effects associated with the administration of sirolimus include stomach upset, increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels, acne, insomnia, tremor, sore or weak muscles,... 

The most common side effect associated with the use of nelfinavir is diarrhea other less frequent adverse effects include elevated triglycerides and cholesterol plasma levels, nausea, rash and hyperglycemia. 

Most cystic acne patients respond to 1-2 mg/kg, given orally in two divided doses daily for 4-5 months. If severe cystic acne persists following this initial treatment, after a period of 2 months, a second course of therapy may be initiated. Common adverse effects resemble hypervitaminosis A and include dryness and itching of the skin and mucous membranes. Less common side effects are headache, corneal opacities, pseudotumor cerebri, inflammatory bowel disease, anorexia, alopecia, and muscle and joint pains. These effects are all reversible on discontinuance of therapy. Skeletal hyperostosis has been observed in patients receiving isotretinoin with premature closure of epiphyses noted in children treated with this medication. Lipid abnormalities (triglycerides, HDL) are frequent their clinical relevance is unknown at present. 

In contrast to other animals, rats do not possess a bile bladder. Therefore, cannulation of the bile duct in rats can be used as a suitable model to measure choleretic (increased bile production) or cholestatic (decreased bile production) side effect potential of drug candidates. If the test compound reduces bile production, it is recommended to investigate a putative hyperhpi-demic side effect potential of the drug candidate by its influence on total blood cholesterol and triglycerides in appropriate experimental methods. 

Anesthetized rats are used for testing the side effect potential of a candidate compound on intermediary metabolism in liver, muscle and adipose tissue with subsequent effects on metabolic blood parameters (e.g. glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, triglycerides) and insulin. The use of anesthetized rats represents more a principal assessment of the pharmacological side effect potential since the candidate compound must be administered intravenously or intraperitoneally (enteral/intestinal administration should be avoided due to the anesthesia-induced decrease in intestinal motility with subsequent impairment of enteral absorption), compared to the study in conscious rats in which the candidate compound can be studied after oral administration, which in most cases represents the clinical route of administration for small molecular drugs. 

Conscious rats are used for testing the side effect potential of a candidate compound on intermediary metabolism in liver, muscle and adipose tissue with subsequent effects on metabolic blood parameters (e.g. glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, triglycerides) and insulin after oral administration, which represents in most cases the clinical route of administration for small molecular drugs. 

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