Triglyceride lipases

The steps in the subsequent utilization of muscle LCFAs may be summarized as follows. The free fatty acids, liberated from triglycerides by a neutral triglyceride lipase, are activated to form acyl CoAs by the mediation of LCFAcyl-CoA synthetase which is situated on the outer mitochondrial membrane. The next step involves carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT I, see Figure 9) which is also located on the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the transfer of LCFAcyl residues from CoA to carnitine (y-trimethyl-amino-P-hydroxybutyrate). LCFAcyl... 

The neurohormonal control of lipid metabolism chiefly affects the mobilization and synthesis of triglycerides in the fat tissue. The lipolysis in tissues is dependent upon the activity of triglyceride lipase. All the regulators that favour the conversion of the inactive (nonphosphorylated) lipase to the active (phosphoiylated) one, stimulate the lipolysis and the release of fatty acids into the blood. Adrenalin... 

Triacylglycerol lipase Lipase, triglyceride lipase Triglycerides... 

Triacylglycerol Upases [EC 3.1.1.3] (also known as triglyceride lipases, tributyrases, or simply as lipases) catalyze the hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol to produce a diac-ylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The pancreatic enzyme acts only on an ester-water interface the outer ester links in the substrate are the ones which are preferentially... 

Selected entries from Methods in Enzymology [vol, page(s)] Detergent-resistant phospholipase Ai from Escherichia coll membranes, 197, 309 phospholipase Ai activity of guinea pig pancreatic lipase, 197, 316 purification of rat kidney lysosomal phospholipase Ai, 197, 325 purification and substrate specificity of rat hepatic lipase, 197, 331 human postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase, 197, 339 phospholipase activity of milk lipoprotein lipase, 197, 345. 

Lipid metabolism effects. Grains, in the ration of rats at a dose of 68 g/animal daily for 3 months, were active vs rats fed tapioca. Total serum cholesterol and triglycerides were higher than animals fed tapioca. Glucose-6-phosphate levels were lower, and triglyceride lipase and lipoprotein lipase were increased over levels found in the tapioca group k Seed oil, in the ration of rats at a concentration of 10% of the diet, was active. Liver triglycerides were lower in rats fed rice brain oil than those fed peanut... 

Figure 7.8 A differential scanning calorimeter investigation of the triglyceride lipase cutinase from Fusarium solani pish at pH 8.5. The buffer 20 mM glycine (flat trace) and the protein solution in the glycine buffer have been studied separately. A distinct signal at about 55 degree C defines the thermal denaturation of the enzyme. These scans were...

Baginsky ML, Brown WV (1979) A newmethodfor the measurement of lipoprotein lipase in postheparin plasma using sodium dodecyl sulfate for the inactivation of hepatic triglyceride lipase. J Lipid Res 20 548-556... 

Triglyceride lipase (hormone-sensitive lipase) Dephosphorylation... 

Lowe, M.E. 1999. Assays for pancreatic triglyceride lipase and colipase. In Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 109 Lipase and Phospholipase Protocols (M.H. Doolittle and K. Reue, eds.) pp. 59-70. Humana Press, Totowa, N.J. 

Yamagishi S, Abe T, Sawada T. Human recombinant interferon alpha-2a (r IFN alpha-2a) therapy suppresses hepatic triglyceride lipase, leading to severe hypertriglyceridemia in a diabetic patient. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 89(12) 2280. 

Yang, Y., and M.E. Lowe. 1998. Human pancreatic triglyceride lipase expressed in yeast cells Purification and characterization. Protein Expr Purif 13 36. 

Miller et al. (1991) Batch Inter-esterification of triglycerides Lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus... 

G. Olivecrona and T. Olivecrona, Triglyceride lipases and atherosclerosis, Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 6 (1995) 291-305. 

Huggins, K. W., Camarota, L. M., Howies, P. N., and Hui, D. Y. (2003) Pancreatic triglyceride lipase deficiency minimally affects dietary fat absorption but dramatically decreases dietary cholesterol absorption in mice. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 42899-42905. 

LCAT), which catalyzes the synthesis of cholesterol esters (F14, S46, S59) apoA-II, which activates hepatic triglyceride lipase (J2) and apoC-II, which activates lipoprotein lipase, responsible for the hydrolysis of triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL (H20, L5). Their mode of action is considered in Section 4 when the individual apolipoproteins are discussed. 

Purified apoA-II was shown by Jahn et al. (J2) to increase hepatic triglyceride lipase activity by threefold in vitro. Human plasma also activates hepatic triglyceride lipase activity, and it is a reasonable assumption that this activation is due to apoA-II. The physiological importance of this effect is not yet clear. 

The size of the VLDL particle in plasma diminishes and its density increases as triglyceride is hydrolyzed by endothelial lipoprotein lipase, and the particles are thus converted to intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) (B32, S35). The IDL detach from the endothelium, and some are taken up by hepatic B-100, E receptors. The remaining particles in the circulation are further depleted of some cholesteryl ester (by an unknown mechanism), and most of the remaining triglyceride (probably by hepatic triglyceride lipase, in the liver sinusoids) (D5). Hie resulting LDL particles are largely composed of cholesteryl ester as the core lipid and apoB-100 as the apolipoprotein. 

In functional lipoprotein lipase deficiency there appears to be a normal removal rate for VLDL from the plasma (B31, F19, N7), and an unimpaired rate for the conversion of VLDL apoB to LDL apoB (N7). It may be that VLDL is hydrolyzed by hepatic triglyceride lipase (unaffected in lipoprotein lipase deficiency) (N7). Hepatic triglyceride lipase does not require apoC-II as a cofactor (E2). 

As hepatic triglyceride lipase is released into the circulation by heparin, it might be thought that postheparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase activity... 

M46. Murase, T., and Hakura, H., Accumulation of intermediate density lipoprotein in plasma after intravenous administration of hepatic triglyceride lipase antibody in rats. Atherosclerosis 38, 293-300 (1981). 

R6. Reardon, M. F.,. Sakai, H., and Steiner, G., Roles of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase in the catabolism in vivo of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Arteriosclerosis 2, 396-402 (1982). 

Heparin-releasable hepatic triglyceride lipase deficiency... 

Heparin Growth factors, coagulation faaors, lipoproteins, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, RNA polymerases, restriction endonucleases, polynucleotide kinase, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic triglyceride lipase, reverse transcriptase, hyaluronidase, neurauninidase, trypsin, pepsin, fumarase, lectin from chicken liver and embryonic chicken muscle, platelet-secreted antiheparin proteins, platelet-endoglycosidase... 

Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Changes in Plasma Lipids Lipoprotein Lipase, Hepatic Triglyceride Lipase and Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase... 

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