Trialkyltin polymers

Organometallic compounds containing polymerizable carbon-carbon double bonds have been synthesized and their polymerization studied [Archer, 2001 Pittman et al., 1987]. Among the organometallic monomers studied are vinylferrrocene and trialkyltin methacrylate. Much of the interest in these polymerizations has been to obtain polymers with... 

Other trialkyltin-containing monomers such as 3-tributyltinstyrene (84), tributyltin methacrylate (85) and 4-[bis(trimethylstannyl)methyl]styrene (86) were also reported to homo- and copolymerise with styrene under radical conditions175-177. In addition, 3-tributyltinstyrene (84) was copolymerised under radical conditions with ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile175. A functional methacrylate-based polymer was prepared by the copolymerization of the triorganotin methacrylate monomer 87 with styrene and divinylbenzene178,179. 

Shell has developed a catalyst system for the RIM polymerization of DCPD which is the reaction product of 2 mol of 2,6-diisopropylphenol and 1 mol of WClg the co-catalyst is a trialkyltin hydride. Both components are soluble in DCPD and inherently storage-stable. In addition, this catalyst system has the advantage of being able to polymerize DCPD of technical quality. In a very fast exothermic reaction a complete conversion of the DCPD monomer takes place into the crosslinked polymer [78]. 

Trimethyltin fluoride exists in the crystal as a polymer with a structure close to A. The Mc ,Sn units are planar, and the non-linear Sn-F-Sn bridges are somewhat asymmetric, with Sn-F distances ca. 210 and 220-260 pm, respectively.57 This structure is not easily disrupted, and trimethyltin fluoride, like the the other lower trialkyltin fluorides, is insoluble in unreactive organic solvents. The solid state 119Sn NMR spectrum shows effectively equal coupling to the two adjacent fluorine atoms with (SnF) 1300 Hz.58... 

The importance of organotins as environmental endocrine disrupters and their potential to adversely affect human health, has prompted the European Commission to identify tributyltin (TBT) as a priority hazardous substance. Organotin compounds are widely employed as stabilizers of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers, and as industrial catalysts for polyurethane and silicone elastomers. Hence, they are present in water pipes, food packing materials, polyurethane foams and many other consumer products. The prominent toxicological feature of the organotins is their immunotoxicity, and the effect produced by di- and trialkyltins as well as triphenyltins. 

Polymer-Supported Stannanes and Fluorous Stannane. Some interesting procedures are being developed to make the present protocol more useful as a synthetic tool. Directed toward combinatorial synthesis, solid-phase syntheses have currently been under development using polymer-supported stannanes.t t In these cases trialkyltin halide is released during the course of the reactions. More recently, a new version was developed with inversed strategy. In this process, the stannyl group remains on the polystyrene support and could be recovered for reuse. ... 

Film-forming biocidal polymers useful in marine antifouling compositions selected from trialkyltin groups chemically bound to homo- and copolymeric chains of organotin acrylate were prepared by various methods such as (1) the polymerization of trialkyltin acrylate or methacrylate monomers, (2) chemical modification of functionalized polymer as P(S-MA) with bis(tributyltm) oxide, (3) grafting or blending of the polymers, e.g., PVC, with trialkyltin acrylate (Scheme 3.23) [262]. 

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