Tri-calcium phosphate

Never found free in nature, it is widely distributed in combination with minerals. Phosphate rock, which contains the mineral apatite, an impure tri-calcium phosphate, is an important source of the element. Large deposits are found in Russia, in Morocco, and in Florida, Tennessee, Utah, Idaho, and elsewhere. 

White phosphorus may be made by several methods. By one process, tri-calcium phosphate, the essential ingredient of phosphate rock, is heated in the presence of carbon and silica in an electric furnace or fuel-fired furnace. Elementary phosphorus is liberated as vapor and may be collected under phosphoric acid, an important compound in making super-phosphate fertilizers. 

Phosphogypsum [13397-24-5] is the name given to the by-product gypsum residue when phosphate ore is acidulated to extract phosphoric acid. There are several processes commercially used. AH of them digest or acidulate tri-calcium phosphate. 

Tri-calcium phosphate Ca3(P04)2 Calcium phosphate can form as a hard, adherent sclae in FW line, especially if pH is below 8.2-8.3. 

The phosphates of lime which occur in nature or are produced during the course of manufacture of phosphorus compounds are salts of orthophosphoric acid. The hydrogen is replaced by calcium in stages giving successively mono-, di- and tri-calcium phosphate. Of these the mono-calcium salt alone is freely soluble. The solids deposited on evaporation, or obtained by double decomposition, are generally mixtures of the di-, tri- or more basic compounds, but pure crystalline forms have been prepared, especially of the more acid phosphates. The more basic phosphates are very sparingly soluble, and the solubilities are not definite. The solids are not in equilibrium with solutions of their own composition, but are in process of transformation which is so slow that equilibrium is not attained in most operations. 

Dicalcium phosphate, Ca2H2P208 or CaIIP04, is the first substance to be precipitated when calcium hydroxide is added to phosphoric acid. It is formed by the interaction of mono- and tri-calcium phosphates, and is then called reverted phosphate. Thus... 

The above mentioned scaffolds were made completely of the ceramic materials. Other potential materials which could be used to fabricate a novel construct for the repair of ciitical-sized bone defects is a novel material made of biodegradable polymer reinforced with ceramics particles. The properties of such a composite depend on 1) properties of the polymer used for the matrix and properties of the ceramics used for the reinforcement, 2) composition of the composite (i.e. content of ceramic particles) and 3) size, shape and arrangement of the particles in the matrix. Several polymer-composite composites have been used for scaffolds fabrication including polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolacton (PCL) reinforced with calcium phosphate (CaP) micro and nanoparticles. Authors proposed a novel composite material by blending copolymer -Poly(L-lactide-co-D,E-lactide) (PLDLLA) a copolymer with a ceramic - Tri-Calcium Phosphate... 

Clarke SA, Hoskins NL, Jordan GR, Henderson SA, Marsh DR. In vitro testing of Advanced JAX Bone Void Filler System species differences in the response of bone marrow stromal cells to beta tri-calcium phosphate and carboxymethylceUulose gg. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2007 Dec 18(12) 2283-90. 

Ehrenfried, L.M., Patel, M.H., Cameron, R.E., 2008. The effect of tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) addition on the degradation of polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA). s.l. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 19 (1), 459—466. 

T. Gotterbarm, W. Richter, M. Jung, S.B. Vilei, P. Mainil-Varlet, T. Yamashita, and S.J. Breusch, An in vivo study of a growth-factor enhanced, cell free, two-layered collagen-tri-calcium phosphate in deep osteochondral defects, Biomaterials, 27 (18), 3387-3395, 2006. 

Walsh, D., Boanini, E., Tanaka, J., Mann, S., 2005. Synthesis of tri-calcium phosphate sponges by interfacial deposition and thermal transformation of self-supporting inorganic films. J. Mater. Chem. 15, 1043-1048. 

Decomposition of HA phase to form tri-calcium phosphate, tetra tri-calcium phosphate and calcium oxide was not observed in the present work for the calcined powders. 

A mixture of tri-calcium phosphate and hydroxy-apatite (Florex), exhibited a fluoride removal capacity of 600 mg/L and is regenerated with 1.5% sodinm hydroxide solution. Owing to high attritional losses, Florex was not snccess-... 

Bodde, E. W. El., Wolke, J. G. G., Kowalski, R. S. Z., and Jansen, J. A. 2007. Bone regeneration of porous-tri-calcium phosphate (conduit-tcp) and of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (biosel) in trabecular defects in sheep. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 82A 711-22. 

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