Trends in Manufacturing

As a student or young person early in your career who is interested in manufacturing, you may wonder what the future holds. Black and Kohser (2008) offer the following ideas about global trends in manufacturing  

These challenging trends, coupled with the thrill of building useful products, suggest that manufacturing is an attractive career choice. If manufacturing interests you, explore this specialty further beginning with the resources cited at the end of this chapter. Then confer with professionals who are knowledgeable about the 

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Walker, R, Trends in Manufacturing Polymers Achieving High Performance in a Multi-Polar World, Accenture (2009)... 

There is also an apparent trend in manufacturing operations toward simplification by direct processing. Examples of this include the oxidation of ethylene for direct manufacture of ethylene oxide the direct hydration of ethylene to produce ethyl alcohol production of chlorinated derivatives by direct halogenation in place of round-about syntheses and the manufacture of acrolein by olefin oxidation. The evolution of alternate sources, varying process routes, and competing end products has given the United States aliphatic chemical industry much of its vitality and ability to adjust to varying market conditions. 

Everyone is aware of the thalidamide tragedy in which one optically active isomer had good therapeutic effects and the other resulted in birth defects. One study (3) predicts that the trend in manufacture of optically active drugs over the next decade will increase, as shown below ... 

An educational virtual event covering trends in manufacturing from design to delivery. 

Accenture, 2008. Trends in manufacturing polymers achieving high performance in a multi-polar world. Accessed at ... 

Trends in Manufacturing, Second International CAMT Conference (Centre for Advanced Manufaauring Technologies). Sponsored by the European Commission Centre of Excellence (COIEXC). 

The historical development of SBR including trends in manufacturing methods is outlined. Variables in micro- and macro-structure are analysed and the properties of the polymer are compared with those of natural rubber. The processability of SBR is considered in some detail and attention is given to recent methods of assessing mixability and other processing characteristics. 

Trends in the field of economics are the centralization of the powder fabrication to enable production on a large scale and the manufacture of low quahty anisotropic materials by a much less expensive technology. An example of the latter is the introduction of alignment during pressing of the raw material mixture in the fabrication route of isotropic materials. 

Malt Production and Producers. World and U.S. beer and malt production are shown in Figure 6. Because approximately 95% of malt manufactured is used to make beer, malt production follows trends in beer production. World brewers malt and beer production in 1992 was approximately 13 million tons and 1.2 biUion hectoHters and was growing at 3% per year. U.S. brewers malt and beer production in 1992 was 2.2 million tons and 240 million hectoHters, but demand has been stagnant since 1982. Distillers and food malts account for approximately 5% of the U.S. and world malt production. 

Trends in US. TharmaceuticalSaks andR eV D 1990—93 PMA.yinnua/Survey Keport Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C., 1993. 

On a worldwide basis the printing industry ranks as number four in manufacturing employment. Over 4.5 million people ate employed at mote than 350 thousand sites. In the United States, 1993 employment exceeded 1.5 million, an increase of over 180 thousand jobs in the period of 1982—1993. Similar growth in employment is being experienced worldwide. Table 1 shows industry trends in the United States, which ate typical of those worldwide. These do not include revenues from packaging or office copying. 

Instant coffee is the dried water-extract of ground, roasted coffee. Although used in Army rations as eady as the U.S. Civil War, the popularity of instant coffee as a grocery product grew only after World War II, coincident with improvements in manufacturing methods and consumer trends toward convenience. Extensive patent Hterature dates back to 1865. Instant coffee products represented 15% of the coffee consumed in the United States in 1991 (31). 

The trend in the xerographic copying and printing industry is to expand the use of organic photoconductors which are typically inexpensive and have a useful life. However, the a-Si H photoreceptors, even though more expensive to manufacture, may ultimately have an advantage in greater durabihty. 

Trends in ED appear to be reduction in pumping and direct ED energy, increase in electric current density, and the use of EDR and hybrid processes in plants in which the manufacturer of the demineralisation plant owns and operates the plant, selling water to the user or water distributor. 

Improved crystallinity by producing more uniform zeolite crystals, FCC catalyst manufacturers have greater control over the zeolite acid site distribution. In addition, there is an upward trend in the quantity of zeolite being included in the catalyst. 

There is a trend towards manufacture of Zn-air cells in a larger coin-cell format. 

This relatively new trend in PCM manufacturing business amounts to creating a polymeric matrix out of the liquid or gaseous phase directly on the filler surface which has previously undergone special conditioning aimed at generating active polymerization sites on it. 

The historical development of chemically electrodes is briefly outlined. Following recent trends, the manufacturing of modified electrodes is reviewed with emphasis on the more recent methods of electrochemical polymerization and on new ion exchanging materials. Surface derivatized electrodes are not treated in detail. The catalysis of electrochemical reactions is treated from the view of theory and of practical application. Promising experimental results are given in detail. Finally, recent advances of chemically modified electrodes in sensor techniques and in the construction of molecular electronics are given. 

Vivek Bhandari and Amp K. Chandra, Trends in Tyre Materials, Manufacturing and Technology, Paper presented at INDIA RUBBER EXPO—2007, Chennai, India, 17-20 January. 2007. 

For a manufacturer the difficulty is to estimate future developments or trends in NMR microscopy. Based on dedicated laboratory-made hardware developed by the NMR microscopy users and on their requests for new commercial hardware and software, the following topics could become more important micro-coil applications, multiple receiver systems and multi-coil arrangements, NMR microscopy at very high magnetic fields, MAS imaging and localized 1H MAS spectroscopy and localized single-shot 2D spectroscopy. There are no clear-cut distinctions between most of the individual topics, as will be discussed in the following sections. 

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