Tremorgenic

When racemic mevalonic acid as the corresponding lactone and labeled at C-2 with is fed to the Chilean shmb SJ tanthus acutusM.ejen. labeled p-skytanthine [24282-31-3] (115) is obtained. Skjtanthus alkaloids are reputed to be tremorgenic (85). 

Total synthesis of fumitremorgins and verruculogens, tremorgenic my cotoxins— pentacyclic systems with (3-carboline fragments 97H(46)673. 

The structural and biological diversity of naturally occurring endoperoxides is further illustrated by the antimalarial cardamom peroxide (7) containing a 7-membered ring cyclic peroxide moiety , and by the tremorgenic verruculogen (8) containing an 8-membered endoperoxide system (Chart 1) . 

Neoxaline, C23H25N5O4, a new metabolite of Aspergillus japonicus, exhibits similarities to oxaline in its i.r. and n.m.r. spectra, and may be an indole derivative, but nothing further is known of its constitution as yet.38a Similarly, three new tremorgenic mycotoxins from Penicillium janthinellum, janthitrems A, B, and C, may also be indole derivatives.386... 

Interest in the mycotoxins of Aspergillus species continues, and the structures of several metabolites have been elucidated. Fumitremorgins A and B (FTA and FTB) are accompanied in A. fumigatus by six related indole-containing metabolites (FTC to FTH) which, however, appear to have no detectable tremorgenic properties. The first of these, FTC, exhibits very similar functionality and spectroscopic properties to tryptoquivaline, although the two compounds are not identical. However, FTC acetate and tryptoquivaline acetate (33) are identical hence FTC (34) differs from tryptoquivaline (35) solely in the position of the acetate group.31... 

The fungal tremorgens aflatrem and paspalinine have been found in A. flavus cultures, together with a non-tremorgenic metabolite, dihydroxyaflavinine (15), whose structure was elucidated by the f-ray method.15rf... 

IP3-R (Precursor of mACh-R agonist tremorgen Lolitrem B) [tremorgen mycotoxin]... 

Gordon KE, Masotti RE, Waddell WR Tremorgenic encephalopathy A role of mycotoxins in production of CNS disease in humans. Can J Neurol Sci 1993 20 237-239. 

Ling KH Territrems, tremorgenic mycotoxins isolated from Aspergillus terreus. J Toxicol Toxin Rev 1995 13 243-252. 

Steyn PS Mycotoxins, general view, chemistry and structure. Toxicol Lett 1995 82 843-851. Yamaguchi T, Nozawa K, Hosoc T, Nakajima S, Kawai KL Indoloditerpenes related to tremorgenic mycotoxin penitrems, from Penicillium crustosum. Phytochemistry 1993 32 1177-1181. Penn J, Swift R, Wigley LJ, Mantle PG, Bilton JN, Sheppard RN Janthitrems B and C, two principal indole-diterpenoids produced by Penicillium janthinellum. Phytochemistry 1993 32 1431-1434. 

Wilkins AL, Miles CO, Ede RM, Gallagher RT, Munday SC Structure elucidation of janthitrem B, a tremorgenic metabolite of Penicillium janthinellum, and relative configuration of the A and B rings of janthitrems B, E, and F. J Agric Food Chem 1992 40 1307-1309. 

An improved procedure for the production of the tremorgenic mycotoxins trypto-quivaline and tryptoquivalone by Aspergillus clavatus, has been reported this makes use of pearled barley in a procedure based on Hesseltine s solid substrate fermentation technique. 

Tremorgenic and nontremorgenic 2,3-fused indole diterpenoids 03MI80. 

P. roqueforti that produce toxic metabolites which include the tremorgenic indoles and a group of sesquiterpenoids. PR Toxin (5.34) and the eremofortins are the best known of these highly oxygenated eremophilane sesquiterpenes. 

---