Transport in Membranes

Meares, P. (Ed.), Membrane Separation Processes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1976. Meares, P., J. F. Thain, and D. G. Dawson, Transport across ion-exchange membranes The frictional model of transport, in Membranes—A Series of Advances (Ed. G. Eisenman), Vol. 1, p. 55, M. Dekker, New York, 1972. Schlogl, R., see page 415. 

Subczynski, W. K., J. S.Hyde, and A. Kusumi. 1991. Effect of alkyl chain unsaturation and cholesterol intercalation on oxygen transport in membranes A pulse ESR spin labeling study. Biochemistry 30 8578-8590. 

Hamilton, J. A. and F. Kamp. How are free fatty acids transported in membranes Is it by proteins or by... 

Pethig, R. (1985). Ion, electron, and proton transport in membranes a review of the physical processes involved. In Modern Bioelectrochemistry, eds. Gutmann, F. and Keyzer, H., Plenum, New York, pp. 199-239. 

Williams, P.D. and Hottendorf, G.H. (1985). Effects of cw-dichlorodiamineplatinum-II (Cisplatin) on organic ion transport in membrane vesicles from rat kidney cortex. Cancer Treat. Rep. 69 875-880. 

Das A, Hugenholtz J, Van Halbeek H, Ljungdahl LG. 1989. Structure and function of a menaquinone involved in electron transport in membranes of Clostridium thermoaceticum and Clostridium thermoautotrophicum. J Bacteriol 171 5823-9. 

Hugenholtz J, Ljungdahl LG. 1990. Amino acid transport in membrane vesicles of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum. FEMS Microbiol Lett 69 117-22. 

Hu, D. (2003) Microarray data analysis in studies of membrane transporters, in Membrane transporters methods and protocols (Q. Yan, ed.). Methods in Molecular Biology, Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp. 71-84. 

Figure 19. SECM—AFM images of a polycarbonate membrane containing 100-nm-radius pores. (Top) AFM topography image (Bottom) SECM image of Ru(NH3)6 transport in membrane pores. (Reprinted with permission from ref 227. Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society.)...

Eikerling et al. ° used a similar approach except that they focus mainly on convective transport. As mentioned above, they use a pore-size distribution for Nafion and percolation phenomena to describe water flow through two different pore types in the membrane. Their model is also more microscopic and statistically rigorous than that of Weber and Newman. Overall, only through combination models can a physically based description of transport in membranes be accomplished that takes into account all of the experimental findings. 

Nikonenko, V., Zabolotsky, V., Larchet, C., Auclair, B., and Pourcelly, G. 2002. Mathematical description of ion transport in membrane systems. Desalination 147, 369-374. 

It has been demonstrated that cis- (76) and frarcs-flupentixol (75) (see Fig. 5) inhibited the photo affinity labeling of P-gp by substrate analogues [173] Binding of several MDR modulators, among them TFP (5), to P-gp was shown by means of fluorescence quenching of the MIANS probe [174] or P-gp tryptophan fluorescence [175]. CPZ (9) is likely a P-gp substrate, as was shown in studies of its transport in membrane vesicles obtained from multidrug-resistant CCRF-CEM cells [176], and therefore it was used as a competitive inhibitor of drug transport mediated by P-gp [177]. 

E.L. Cussler, Facilitated Transport, in Membrane Separation Systems, R.W. Baker, E.L. Cussler, W. Eykamp, W.J. Koros, R.L. Riley and H. Strathmann (eds), Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, NJ, pp. 242-275 (1991). 

The publication of Pedersen s work attracted instant and increasing attention from a variety of scientists worldwide. During the ensuing decade, research in an increasing number of laboratories led to the synthesis and characterization of many novel macrocychc chemical structures, and to the application of macrocycles in a wide variety of fields. This effort cut across many areas including organic and inorganic synthesis, biochemistry, ion transport in membranes, phase transfer catalysis, and structure analysis. 

A large number of methods for improving external mass transport in membrane systems have been proposed and evaluated. Several of them may lead to a significant process improvement under defined conditions. Still, these methods - use of... 

Exocytosis is the secretion of proteins out of the cell across the plasma membrane into the extracellular space. Proteins destined to be secreted are synthesized on ribosomes bound to the RER membrane and are then transported in membrane-bound vesicles to the Golgi apparatus where they are sorted and packaged up into secretory vesicles. All cells continuously secrete proteins via the constitutive pathway, whereas only specialized cells (e.g. of the pancreas, nerve cells) secrete proteins via the regulated secretory pathway in response to certain stimuli. 

Colombini, M. Johnstone, R.M. (1974). Na+ gradient stimulated AIB transport in membrane vesicles from Ehrlich ascites cells. J. Membr. Biol. 18, 315-334. 

Schuldiner, S. Kaback, H.R. (1975). Membrane potential and active transport in membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry 14,5451-5460. 

Transport in membranes is mostly a complex and coupled process coupling between the solute and the membrane, and coupling between diffusion and the chemical reaction may play an important role in efficiency. It is important to understand and quantify the coupling to describe the transport in membranes. Kinetic studies may also be helpful. However, thermodynamics might offer a new and rigorous approach toward understanding the coupled transport in composite membranes without the need for detailed examination of the mechanism of diffusion through the solid structure. Table 10.4 shows some of the applications of facilitated transport. 

Wu, S. H. W. and McConell, H. M. Lateral phase separations and perpendicular transport in membranes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 55 4S4, 1973. 

X. Ren, T.A. Zawodzinski, and S. Gottesfeld. Water and methanol transport in membranes for direct methanol fuel cells. Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 217, U490 1999. 

Theory and computer simulation of proton transport in membranes... 

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