TRAIL-receptors

Diverse shmuli have been shown to trigger apoptosis. In general, at least three types of pro-apoptotic stimuli are identified. First, many receptors have been shown to initiate apoptosis. The most important of these belong to the tumor neaosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor superfamily and include CD95, the Trail-receptor DR4, and the TNF receptor (TNF-R) (Walczak and Krammer, 2(XX) Holtzman et al, 2000). These receptors are constitutively present or up-regulated on the cell surface... 

H. Higuchi, S. F. Bronk, Y. Takikawa, N. Werneburg, R. Takimoto, W. El-Deiry and G. J. Gores, The bile acid glycochenodeoxycholate induces trail-receptor 2/DR5 expression and apoptosis, J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276(42), 38610. 

The cytotoxic ligand TRAIL shows a broad tissue distribution (Wiley et al., 1995) and has the particularity to interact with five receptors (Fig. 1). Two of them (TRAIL-R1/DR4 and TRAIL-R2/DR5) contain a death domain and are cytotoxic. The other three may act as decoy receptors. TRAIL-R3/DcRl and TRAIL-R4/DcR2 are membrane-bound but lack a functional death domain, whereas OPG is a soluble receptor with dual specificity for TRAIL and RANKL/OPGL. In contrast to FasL, TRAIL is not cytotoxic to tissues despite the wide expression of TRAIL-Rl and -R2, suggesting that TRAIL receptor sig-... 

Zhang, X.D., Franco, A., Myers, K., Gray, C., Nguyen, T., Hersey, P., 1999. Relation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor and FLICE-inhibitory protein expression to TRAIL-induced apoptosis of melanoma. Cancer Res. 59, 2747-2753. 

TNF superfamily HGS-ETRl (agonistic human monoclonal antibody to TRAIL receptor 1) Human Genome Sciences... 

Schulz TF (2000) Kaposi s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) epidemiology and pathogenesis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000 45 Suppl T3 15-27 15-27 Sedger LM, Shows DM, Blanton RA, Peschon JJ, Goodwin RG, Cosman D, Wiley SR (1999) IFN-gamma mediates a novel antiviral activity through dynamic modulation of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression. J Immunol 163 920-926... 

Benedict CA, Norris PS, Prigozy TI, Bodmer J-L, Mahr JA, Garnett CT, Martinon F, Tschopp J, Gooding LR, Ware CF (2001) Three adenovirus E3 proteins cooperate to evade apoptosis by TRAIL receptor-1 and 2. J Biol Chem 276 3270-3278... 

Clancy L. Mruk K, Archer K et al. Preligand assembly domain-mediated ligand-independent association between TRAIL receptor 4 (TR4) and TR2 regulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102(50) 18099-18104. 

ToUefimn AE, Toth K, Doronin K et aL Inhibition of TRAIL-induced apoptosis and frirced internalization of TRAIL receptor 1 by adenovirus proteins. J Virol 2IK)1 75(19) 8875-8887. 

Wang S. The promise of cancer therapeutics targeting the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and TRAIL receptor pathway. Oncogene 2008 27(48) 6207-15. 

Tigatuzumab is a humanised (human-mouse) mAb targeting the death receptor 5 (DR5), or member 10b of the TNF receptor superfamily TNFRSFIOB, also known as trail receptor 2. 

Huerta-Yepez et al. 2004). The NO donors sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated death via inhibition of NF-kB and XIactivities or Bcl-xL expression (Secchiero et al. 2001). In a recent paper, Huerta-Yepez et al. reported that the NO-dependent sensitization of prostate carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis occurred via the inhibition of YY-1 that binds and negatively regulates TRAIL receptor DR5 transcription and expression and this was correlated with resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis (Huerta-Yepez et al. 2009). 

Tang, Z., Bauer, J.A., Morrison, B., and Lindner, D.J. (2006). Nitrosylcobalamin promotes cell death via S nitrosylation of Apo2L/TRAIL receptor DR4. Mol. Cell Biol. 26, 5588-5594. 

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