Tracheobronchial epithelium

McDowell, E. M. and B. F. Trump. Histogenesis of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in tracheobronchial epithelium, Surv. Synth. Path. Res. 2 235-279 (1983). 

Ura H, Nowak P, Litwin S, et al. 1989. Effects of formaldehyde on normal xenotransplanted human tracheobronchial epithelium. Am J Pathol 134 99-106. 

Harris CC. Sporn MB, Kaufman DG, et al. 1971. Acute ultrastructural effects of benzo(a)pyrene and ferric oxide on the hamster tracheobronchial epithelium. Cancer Res 31 1977-1981. 

Daniely Y, Liao G, Dixon D, et al. Critical role of p63 in the development of a normal esophageal and tracheobronchial epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004 287 C171-C181. 

Fisher (Pacific Northwest Laboratories) is attempting to develop analytical methods which will aid in calculating microdosimetry within the tracheobronchial epithelium after inhalation of radon and radon progeny. Also, R.S. Caswell (NIST) is working on a related investigation but with cells at risk in other parts of the lung and adjacent areas. 

In the Syrian golden hamster, 10 instillations (3 times per week) of 5 mg haematite particles (93 % by weight < 5 jum in diameter) suspended in 0.9 % NaCl solution brought about a loss of ciliated cells and broad areas of abnormal, enlarged nonciliated cells with roughened or wrinkled surfaces (Port et al. 1973). The tracheobronchial epithelium returned to normal 7 weeks after completion of the treatment. 

The tracheal organ culture assay measures a physiological differentiative response to trace levels of retinoids, which is essentially what occurs in tracheobronchial epithelium in vivo when a vitamin A-deficient animal is treated with a retinoid. This aspect of the assay provides both high sensitivity and intrinsic physiological relevance. Although the F9 and HL-60 assays employ... 

Gray T, Koo JS, Nettesheim P. Regulation ofmucous differentiation and mucin gene expression in the tracheobronchial epithelium. Toxicology 2001 160 35 6. 

Pack RJ, Al-Ugaily LH, Morris G. The cells of the tracheobronchial epithelium of the mouse a quantitative light and electron microscope study. J Anat 1981 132 71-84. 

Plopper CG, Heidsieck JG, Weir AJ, 8t George JA, Hyde DM. Tracheobronchial epithelium in the adult rhesus monkey a quantitative histochemical and ultrastruc-tural study. Am J Anat 1989 184 31-40. 

These observations indicate that AOS can increase particle uptake by a direct effect on the tracheobronchial epithelium. The consistently inhibitory ef-... 

Active oxygen species, especially hydrogen peroxide and probably hydroxyl radical, play a role in particle uptake in the tracheobronchial epithelium and possibly in the alveolar epithelium. Surface iron on the particle is one important factor in this process. The normal production of small amounts of hydrogen peroxide by pulmonary epithelial cells may serve as an accidental autocrine mechanism that increases uptake, and release of AOS ITom particle-evoked inflammatory cells may well have the same effect. Exogenous sources of AOS (e.g., ozone and cigarette smoke) greatly enhance uptake of many particles and probably potentiate mineral dust-induced pathological reactions. 

Biochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of surface-active components, predominantly phospholipids, in airway secretions (42). Bernhard et al. (43,44) studied the conductive airway phospholipids in the tracheobronchial secretions of adult pigs and compared their results with analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage (B AL) fluid, tracheobronchial epithelium, and lung parenchyma. The composition of the PC and PL molecular species of the tracheal aspirates was similar... 

Figure 1 Fate of inhaled drugs depositing in the airways. Aerosolized compounds delivered to the lumenal surface of central (i.e., tracheobronchial) and peripheral (i.e., alveolus) airways may be subject to different pharmacokinetic pressures. The sites of loss of a drug in passage from the airway lumen to the site of therapeutic action in the central airways (e.g., smooth muscle) and peripheral airways (e.g., blood in pulmonary circulation) are depicted in upper and lower diagrams, respectively. In the central airways, a drug may (1) interact with the mucus layer, (2) be removed by the mucociliary escalator, (3) have restricted access through the epithelium and be biotransformed or be complexed by epithelium-associated...

Mustard produces dose-dependent damage to the mucosa of the respiratory tract, beginning with the upper airways and descending to the lower airways as the amount of mustard increases. The inflammatory reaction varies from mild to severe, with necrosis of the epithelium. When fully developed, the injury is characterized by an acute inflammation of the upper and lower airways, with discharge in the upper airway, inflammatory exudate, and pseudomembrane formation in the tracheobronchial tree. The injury develops slowly, intensifying over a period of days. 

Chalon 1, Loew DAY, Malebranche 1. Effects of dry anesthetic gases on tracheobronchial ciliated epithelium. Anesthesiology 1972 37 338-343. 

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