Trace metals in soils

Most primary and secondary minerals found in soil systems are barely soluble in the soil solution. The amount of mass from the bulk phase to hydrated ions in soil solution is negligible compared to the total mass of the solid phase. In arid and semi-arid soils, concentrations of most trace metals in soil solution may be controlled by their carbonates and to some extent by their hydroxides. Other than carbonates, trace elements in arid and semi-arid soils may also occur as sulfate, phosphate or siliceous compounds, or as a minor component adsorbed on the surface of various solid phase components. The solubility of carbonates, sulfates and other common minerals of trace elements in arid and semi-arid soils will be discussed in Chapter 5. Badawy et al. (2002) reported that in near neutral and alkaline soils representative of alluvial, desertic and calcareous soils of Egypt, the measured Pb2+ activities were undersaturated with regard to the solubility of... 

Beckett P.H.T. The use of extractants in studies on trace metals in soils, sewage sludges and sludge-treated soils. Adv Soil Sci 1989 9 143-176. 

Kabata-Dendias, A. and T.I. Stuczynski. 1999. Environmental and agricultural aspects of trace metals in soils of Poland. Pages 248-249 in W.W. Wenzel, D.C. Adriano, B. Alloway, H.E. Doner, C. Keller, N.W. Lepp, M. Mench, R. Naidu, and G.M. Pierzynski (eds.). Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, July 11-15, 1999, Vienna, Austria. 

Weng L, Temminghoff EJM, van Riemsdijk WH. Determination of the free ion concentration of trace metals in soil solution using a soil column Donnan membrane technique. Ear. J. Soil Sci. 2001 52 629-637. 

Table 3.13 The main species of trace metals in soil solntions...

Sposito G. 1983. The chemical forms of trace metals in soils. In Thornton I, ed. Applied Environmental Geochemistry. London Academic Press, 123-170. 

Alberici TM, Sopper WE, Storm GE, et al. 1989. Trace metals in soil vegetation and voles from mine land treated with sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Quality 18 115-119. 

Torres et al. [342] found that a microwave-assisted robotic method for trace metals in soil decreased sample digestion times from two hours to three minutes. 

THOMPSON and MAGUIRE [1993] have compared sampling and analytical error for the example of trace metals in soils. They demonstrate that to obtain valuable information on the magnitude of sampling and analytical errors the application of robust nested analysis of variance is to be preferred to classical parametric analysis of variance. 

Ure, A.M., Quevauviller, Ph., Muntau, H. and Griepink, B. (1993b) Improvements in the determination of extractable contents of trace metals in soil and sediment prior to certification (EUR Report 14763 EN). Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg. 

Analysis of variance (ANOVA and MANOVA) has been used to investigate the influence of location on forms of metals in roadside soil (Nowak, 1995). Multiple regression analysis has proved valuable in processing sequential extraction data to obtain information on plant availability of trace metals in soils (Qian et al, 1996 ... 

Bermond, A., Yousfi, I., and Ghestem, J. P. (1998). Kinetic approach to the chemical speciation of trace metals in soils. Analyst 123, 785—789. 

Mattigod, S. V., Sposito, G., and Page, A. L. (1981). Factors affecting the solubilities of trace metals in soils. In Chemistry in the Soil Environment (M. Stelly, ed.), pp. 203—221. American Society of Agronomy - Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI. 

Zhao FJ, McGrath SP, Merrington G. 2007. Estimates of ambient background concentrations of trace metals in soils for risk assessment. Environ Pollut 148 221-229. 

Green, C.H. et al., Solubilization of manganese and trace metals in soils impacted by acid mine runoff, J. Environ. Qual., July/August. 

Mason, C.J., Coe, G., Edwards, M., Riby, P. Development of a wide bore flow through microwave digestion device for the determination of trace metals in soil. Analyst 125,1875-1883 (2000)... 

Intawongse, M., Dean, J.R. In-vitro testing for assessing oral bioscessibility of trace metals in soil and food samples. Trends Anal. Chem. 25, 876-886 (2006)... 

Describe the sorption of trace metals in soils and discuss the forms of sorbed metals in natural and polluted soils. 

The determination of distribution pattern of various forms of both macroelements and trace metals in soil profile is a very complicated task. We have to know the distribution of organic matter, mineral particle, and microbes, the existence of different barriers, redox conditions etc (Box 3)... 

Table 41. Content of trace metals in soils of two Dry Savanna ecosystems from East Africa, ppm (After Dobrovolsky, 1994).

Strawn, D.G., and D.L. Sparks. 1999. Sorption kinetics of trace metals in soils and soil materials, p. 1-28. In H.M. Selim and I.K. Iskandar (ed.) Fate and transport of heavy metals in the vadose zone. CRC/Lewis Publ., Boca Raton, FL. 

Quevauviller, P.H., Rauret, G., Ure, A., Rubio, R., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Fiedler, H. Muntau, H. (1995) Certified reference materials for the quality control of EDTA and acetic acid extractable trace metals in soil. Microchimica Acta, 120, 289-300. 

Tab. 5.1 Influence of origin and forms on the behavior of trace metals in soils...

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