Trace elements in mussel

Karbe, L., C. Schnier, and H.O. Siewers. 1977. Trace elements in mussels (Mytilus edulis) from coastal areas of the North Sea and the Baltic. Multielement analysis using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Jour. Radioanal. Chem. 37 927-943. 

Bechmann, I.E., Stiirup, S., Kristensen, L.V. High resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICPMS) determination and multivariate evaluation of 10 trace elements in mussels from 7 sites in Limfjorden, Denmark. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 368, 708-714 (2000)... 

SUMMARY OF TECHNIQUES OF FINAL DETERMINATION USED IN THE CERTIFICATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MUSSEL TISSUE CRM 278... 

Bertine, K.K. and E.D. Goldberg. 1972. Trace elements in clams, mussels, and shrimp. Limnol. Ocean. 17 877-884. 

Bertine, K.K. and E.D. Goldberg. 1972. Trace elements in clams, mussels, and shrimp. Limnol. Ocean. 17 877-884. Besser, J.M., T.J. Canfield, and T.W. La Point. 1993. Bioaccumulation of organic and inorganic selenium in a laboratory food chain. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 57-72. 

Stump, I.G., J. Kearney, J.M. D Auria, and J.D. Popham. 1979. Monitoring trace elements in the mussel, Mytilus edulis using X-ray energy spectroscopy. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 10 270-274. 

Figure 21-30 Microscopic crater ablated into a mussel shell by 10 pulses from a 266-nm laser with a beam energy of 4.5 mJ per 10-ns pulse and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. [From V. R. Bellolto and N. Miekely, "Improvements In Calibration Procedures lor the Quantitative Determination ot Trace Elements in Carbonate Material (Mussel Shells) by Laser Ablation ICP-MS" fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 2000,367,635]... 

Anion exchange chromatography coupled with ICP MS was used in the simultaneous speciation analysis of As, Se, Sb and Te compounds in extracts of fish [230]. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with specific detectors is frequently used to analyse species of trace elements in protein-rich materials, such as extracts of meat and plant tissues. For instance, SEC hyphenated with ICP MS was used for the speciation analysis of Cu and Zn in samples of leguminous plants [191]. The same technique was applied to the speciation analysis of Cu, Cd, Zn, Se, As and Ca in fish [220] and Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag, Cd, Sn and Pb in mussels [189]. SEC HPLC coupled with GF AAS mmed out to be very useful for determining levels of Fe species in baby food [312]. With gel permeation chromatography (GPC) GF AAS, the speciation forms of Cd were determined in two kinds of vegetables contaminated with this element [216]. 

Bellotto, V. R. and Miekeley, N. (2000) Improvements in calibration procedures for the quantitative determination of trace elements in carbonate material (mussel shells) by laser ablation ICP-MS. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 367, 635 0. 

Wang, W.X., N.S. Fisher, and S.N. Luoma. 1996. Kinetic determinations of trace element bioaccumulation in the mussel Mytilus edulis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 140 91-113. 

Heit, M., C.S. Klusek, and K.M. Miller. 1980. Trace element, radionuclide, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in Unionidae mussels from northern Lake George. Environ Sci. Technol. 14 465A68. 

Wang, D., G. Alfthan, A. Aro, A. Makela, S. Knuuttila, and T. Fiammar. 1995. The impact of selenium supplemented fertilization on selenium in lake ecosystems in Finland. Agricul. Ecosys. Environ. 54 137-148. Wang, W.X., N.S. Fisher, and S.N. Luoma. 1996. Kinetic determinations of trace element bioaccumulation in the mussel Mytilus edulis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 140 91-113. 

Roditi, H.A., and Fisher, N.S. (1999) Rates and routes of trace element uptake in zebra mussels. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 1730-1749. 

Shells are occasionally found in archaeological sites, both naturally and as a by-product of human activity. Shellfish - such as oysters, clams, mussels, scallops, limpets, and many others - are an important category of foods eaten both today and in the past. Evidence for the consumption of shellfish dates back several hundred thousand years in human prehistory. Shellfish are a plentiful and easily collected source of protein and essential trace elements such as iron, copper, and magnesium. Shells from both fresh and saltwater species appear in archaeological sites. 

The Trace Element Research Lab (TERL) of the Texas A M Oceanography Department analyzed all bivalves collected from the US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) coastline for the NOAA NS T Mussel Watch Program between 1986 and 1999. These samples were, almost without exception, American oysters (Crassostria virginica) and they were collected, processed and analyzed in essentially the same way for this entire time period. The data should, thus, be internally consistent and comparable from year to year and from place to place. 

After a treatment of general aspects of metals in the marine environment, specific target organisms, mainly bivalves (clams, mussels, oysters) and tunicates are considered. The latter class of marine organisms, commonly referred to as sea squirts, allows us to trace the pathway of a specific element, vanadium, from outer to inner environment. 

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