Toxoplasma gondii infection toxoplasmosis

Montoya, J. G. (2002). Laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis. /. Infect. Dis. 185, S73-S82. 

Toxoplasmosis. This disease is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which normally causes an asymptomatic infection in healthy adults. This protozoan also infects a very wide variety of animals domestic cats are one source of human infection. Unlike Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma is an intracellular parasite and can invade numerous organs of infected individuals. In AIDS patients, the... 

Spiramycin is another macrolide, recently introduced into medicine for the treatment of toxoplasmosis, infections caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. This contains a 16-membered lactone ring (erythromycin has a 14-membered ring), and two aminosugars, o-mycaminose and o-forosamine. o-Forosamine is remarkable in having only one hydroxyl group, and that is bound up in the hemiacetal ring system. 

Toxoplasmosis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In the immuno-... 

One of the most common infections in man is caused by the protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, which is transmitted to humans when they consume raw or inadequately cooked, infected meat. Infected pregnant women can transmit the organism to the fetus. Cats are the only animals that shed oocysts that can infect other animals as well as man. The treatment of choice for this condition is the antifolate drug, pyrimethamine [peer i METH a meen] (see p. 353). A combination of sulfadiazine (see p. 289) and pyrimethamine is also efficacious. Leucovorin is often administered to protect against folate deficiency. Other inhibitors of folate biosynthesis, such as trimethoprim (see p. 293) and sulfamethoxazole (see p. 289) are without therapeutic efficacy in toxoplasmosis. [Note At the first appearance of a rash, pyrimethamine should be discontinued since hypersensitivity to this drug can be severe.]... 

Toxoplasmosis is a recurrent, potentially blinding, disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis affects millions of people worldwide. Cats are the definitive host for the parasite but not the primary source of human infection. Environmental contamination of the soil, water, fruits and vegetables, and infection in other animals cause most human infections. Human infection may be either congenital or acquired, and acquired disease appears to be the most prevalent. 

Toxoplasmosis—Clinical infection with Toxoplasma gondii. 

Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis Fetal infection more sensitive than fetal IgM, faster than tissue culture B7, G5... 

Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, one of the most prevalent parasitic infections that afflict humans and other warm-blooded animals T. gondii is the only known species associated with toxoplasmosis (Tenter et al., 2000). It is estimated that approximately one-third of the human population worldwide have the parasite. 

Infection caused by P. carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Sickle-cell crisis Toxoplasmosis... 

However, NO may also have a role in inhibiting infectious processes. Neutralization of TNF and down-regulation of iNOS promote induction of acute cerebral toxoplasmosis and enhanced pathology in mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii (Gazzinelli et al., 1993). However, N-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA) does not affect the antitoxoplasma activity of TNF and IL-6 produced by human microglia in vitro (Chao et al.,... 

Toxoplasmosis - This subject was reviewed.73 he cat was implicated as the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii with small mammals and birds as essential intermediate hosts.73 The therapeutic effect of several sulfa drugs and DDS, alone and in combination with pyrimethamine or trimethoprim, in T. gondii-infected mice was reported. The effect can be reversed by p-aminobenzoic acid, and trimethoprim alone has no activity.T. gondii infections in mice have been cured by clindcimycin and N-demethyl-4 -pentyl clindamycin 6 and by sulfameter plus pyrimethamine or spiramycin.77... 

In chronic brucellosis, Brucella abortus infects macrophages, thus eluding the immune response [253]. When immunostimulatory drugs such as couma-rin were administered, the symptoms of chronic brucellosis disappeared. These results have encouraged the use of coumarin in other chronic infections such as mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr virus), mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma pneumoniae), toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii), and Q fever (Coxiella burnetii). Also, another antiplasmodial coumarin derivate called 5,7-dimethoxy-8-(3 -hydroxy-3 methyl-l -butene)-coumarin has been isolated from the roots of the plant Toddalia asiatica. This finding supports the traditional use of this plant for the treatment of malaria [254]. 

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