Toxicology living system

Archakov, A. I. and Bachmanova, G. I. (1995) Cytochrome P450 database for prediction of drugs fate in living systems. In Vitro Toxicology 8, 49-54. 

Humans live in a chemical environment and inhale, ingest, or absorb from the skin many of these chemicals. Toxicology is concerned with the deleterious effects of these chemical agents on all living systems. In the biomedical area, however, the toxicologist is primarily concerned with adverse effects in humans resulting from exposure to drugs and other chemicals as well as the demonstration of safety or hazard associated with their use. 

Toxicology is the subject concerned with the study of the noxious effects of chemical substances on living systems. It is a multidisciplinary subject, as it embraces areas of pharmacology, biochemistry, chemistry, physiology, and pathology although it has sometimes been considered as a subdivision of some of these other subjects, it is truly a scientific discipline in itself. 

The science of toxicology requires an appreciation of the fact that not all effects observed are toxicologically relevant. Toxicity is a damaging effect on whole or part of a living system. 

Yu, M.-H., Ed., Environmental Toxicology Impacts of Environmental Toxicants on Living Systems, Lewis Publishers/CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000. 

As defined in Section 6.8, a xenobiotic species is one that is foreign to living systems. Common examples include heavy metals, such as lead, which serve no physiologic function, and synthetic organic compounds, which are not made in nature. Exposure of organisms to xenobiotic materials is a very important consideration in environmental and toxicological chemistry. Therefore, the determination of exposure by various analytical techniques is one of the more crucial aspects of environmental chemistry. 

Dr. Yu serves as an associate editor of Fluoride, the official journal of ISFR. He is a founding co-editor of Environmental Sciences, a journal published by MYU K.K. in Tokyo, Japan. He co-edited Environmental Fluoride 1985, published by Elsevier Science in 1986. He is the author of Environmental Toxicology — Impacts of Environmental Toxicants on Living Systems, published by CRC Press. 

Toxicology is the subdiscipline of pharmacology concerned with adverse effects of chemicals on living systems. Toxic effects and mechanisms of action may be different from therapeutic effects and mechanisms for the same drug. Similarly, at the high dose of drugs at which toxic effects may be produced, rate processes are frequently altered compared with those at therapeutic doses. For these reasons, the terms toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics are now applied to these special situations. 

Toxicology, also called the science of poisons, is a multi-disciplinary subject dealing with the noxious effects of chemicals on living systems. It has a long history in relation to the art of poisoning but has now become more scientifically based. The scientific foundations of toxicology were laid by Paracelsus. Toxicology is interrelated with the activities... 

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