Toxicology ecotoxicology

C. Tomlin, ed.. The Pesticides Manual A World Compendium, Incorporating the Agrochemicals Handbook, 10th ed.. The British Crop Protection Council and The Royal Society of Chemistry, Crop Protection PubHcations, Cambridge, U.K., 1994. Includes 725 entries by common name in alphabetic order, with chemical stmcture, chemical name(s), molecular formula, CAS Registry Number, physicochemical properties, commercialisation, mode of action, uses, trade names, analytical methods, mammalian toxicology, ecotoxicology, and environmental fate. 

Chemical Substances Properties Toxicology Ecotoxicology Underway (R=Recommended)... 

Thousands of QSAR models have been published and reported. A quite large series of activities have been used for QSAR, including physico-chemical, toxicological, ecotoxicological, and environmental properties. Examples of common QSAR models are models for water solubility, fish toxicity, mutagenicity, and for environmental degradation. 

The European procedure involves the conduction of a testing program (toxicology, ecotoxicology and... 

This text provides a unique perspective of toxicology specifically for chemists. It addresses general principles as well as emerging issues in reproductive toxicology, ecotoxicology, and behavioral toxicology. 

See also Clean Air Act (CAA), US Combustion Toxicology Ecotoxicology Environmental Toxicology Lead Ozone Photochemical Oxidants Pollution, Air Indoor Pollution, Soil Pollution, Water Respiratory Tract. 

DECHEMA (1995) Bioassay for soils, Ad-Hoc-Committee Methods for toxicological/ecotoxicological assessment of soils , Deutsche Gesellschaft fur chemisches Apparatewesen, Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V., G. Kreysa and J. Wiesner, Frankfurt am Main. 

Dalkvist T, Topping CJ, Forbes VE. 2009. Population-level impacts of pesticide-induced chronic effects on individuals depend more on ecology than toxicology. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety doi 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.10.002. Available from http // dx.doi.org/10/1016/j. ecoenv.2008.10.002. 

Applicants to comply or justify non-compliance with extensive data requirements set out in the annexes to the directive the requirements include toxicology, ecotoxicology and efficacy testing. 

Declaration of toxicological, ecotoxicological, or environmental significant impurities is needed. Especially hazardous chemicals like, for example, nitrosamines have to be declared and are regulated by a maximum admissible concentration. In this example, the total nitrosamine content of a pesticide formulation must not exceed 1 mg kg of the active substance present. 

QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) assessment involves an elegant comparison of structural elements within known substances with similar elements in the substance under evaluation, and predicts with fair success in most substances their toxicological/ecotoxicological profile. Where QSAR can fail, however, is that it does not take into consideration the mega-insolubility in HPPs referred to in Sec. 24.3.1 above, and assumes that the pigment is always bio-avadable, which is not the case. 

Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Toxicology, Ecotoxicology and the Environment, May 5,... 

---