Combustion toxicology

Effects on Combustion Toxicology. There appears to be no documented case of any type of fine retardant contributing to human fine casualties. A survey of data from small-scale combustion or pyrolysis experiments revealed no consistent pattern of decrease or increase in the yields of toxic gases (CO, HCN) when phosphoms flame retardants were present (152,153). 

Matthews RD. 1980. Estimated permissible levels, ambient concentrations, and adverse effects of the nitrogenous products of combustion the cyanides, nitroolefins, and nitroparaffins. Journal of Combustion Toxicology 7 157-172. 

Kaplan, H.L. Grand, A.F. Hartzell, G.E. Combustion Toxicology Principles and Test Methods Technomic Publishing Co., Inc. Lancaster, PA, 1983. 

Work referenced as conducted at Southwest Research Institute was supported under U. S. National Institute of Science and Technology Grant Nos. NB83NADA4015 and 60NANB6D0635, Federal Aviation Administration Contract No. DTFA03-81-00065 and by the Vinyl Institute of the Society of the Plastics Industry, Incorporated. Portions of this text are reprinted with permission from Advances in Combustion Toxicology, G.E. Hartzell, ed., Vol. 1, Technomic Lancaster, PA, 1988, p. 28-30. 

Hartzell, G.E. Grand, A.F. Switzer, W.G. "Modeling of Toxicological Effects of Fire Gases VII. Studies on Evaluation of Animal Models in Combustion Toxicology," J. Fire Sciences 1988, 6(6), 411-431. 

Lanrock, A. H. Handbook of Plastics Flammability and Combustion Toxicology Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1983 pp 57-63. 

Matijak-Schaper M, Alarie Y. 1982. Toxicity of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and low oxygen. Journal of Combustion Toxicology 9 21-61. 

W.D. Woolley and P.J. Fardell, Basic aspects of combustion toxicology, Fire Safety Journal, 5, 29-48,1982. 

Ratings of Some Polyphosphazene and Pol)mrethane Foams," Journal of Combustion Toxicology, 8 282-259 (November... 

See also Blood Combustion Toxicology Methanol Methylene Chloride Phosgene. 

See also Combustion Toxicology Pollution, Air Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). 

Research in the field of combustion toxicology is primarily concerned with items 1, all of which are related to the toxic potency of the fire gas effluent. Toxic potency is defined by ASTM as a quantitative expression relating concentration (of smoke or combustion gases) and exposure time to a particular degree of adverse physiological response, for example, death on exposure of humans or animals. This definition is followed by a discussion, which states, The toxic potency of smoke from any material or product or assembly is related to the composition of that smoke which, in turn, is dependent upon the conditions under which the smoke is generated. One should add that the LCso is a common end point used in laboratories to assess toxic potency. In the comparison of the toxic potencies of different compounds or materials, the lower the LC50 (i.e., the smaller the amount of material necessary to reach the toxic end point), the more toxic the material is. 

Kaplan HL, Grand AE, and Hartzell GE (1983) Combustion Toxicology, Principles and Test Methods. Lancaster, PA Technomic Publishing Go. 

See a/so Chlorophenols Combustion Toxicology Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) TCDD (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin). 

Combustion Toxicology, Pages 639-652, Barbara C. Levin and Erica D. Kuligowski SummaryPlus Full Text + Links PDF (159 K)... 

See also Clean Air Act (CAA), US Combustion Toxicology Ecotoxicology Environmental Toxicology Lead Ozone Photochemical Oxidants Pollution, Air Indoor Pollution, Soil Pollution, Water Respiratory Tract. 

See a/so Asbestos Combustion Toxicology Diesel Fuel Fuel Oils Pollution, Air Respiratory Tract Tobacco Smoke Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). 

See also Absorption Ames Test Animal Models Biomarkers, Human Health Carcinogenesis Clean Air Act Combustion Toxicology Donora Air Pollution Episode Dose-Response Relationship Emergency Response and... 

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