Toxicological applications

Johnson MK. 1982. The target for initiation of delayed neurotoxicity by organophosphorus esters biochemical studies and toxicological applications. In Hodgson E, Bend JR, Philpot, RM, eds. Reviews of biochemical toxicology, Vol 4. New York Elsevier, 141-212. 

Trace level analyses are frequently required for forensic, clinical and toxicological applications and for better understanding of the fate of individual pollutants in the environment, where not only the element is determined but the organic species are also identified and individualy quantified. These analyses can be performed with or without actual separation of the individual species. 

Octanol/water partition coefficients, Pow, which measure the relative solubilities of solutes in octanol and in water, are widely used as descriptors in quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), for example in pharmacological and toxicological applications.49 Since experimental values of these are not always available, a number of procedures for predicting them have been proposed (see references in Brinck et al.).50... 

M. K. Johnson, The Target for Initiation of Delayed Neurotoxicity by Organophosphorous Esters Biochemical Studies and Toxicological Applications , in Reviews in Biochemical Toxicology , Eds. E. Hodgson, J. R. Bend, R. M. Philpot, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982, Vol. 4, p. 141-214. 

Source Muller, Franz. (2000). Agrochemicals Composition, production, toxicology, applications. 

Leung HW. 1991. Development and utilization of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for toxicological applications. J Toxicol Environ Health 32 247-267. 

Judson R, Martin M, Egeghy P, Gangwal S, Reif D, Kothiya P, Wolf M, Cathey T, Transue T, Smith D, Vail J, Frame A, Mosher S, Cohen HE, Richard A (2012) Aggregating data for computational toxicology applications, the EPA ACToR system. Mol Toxicol 13(2) 1805-1831... 

Whole cells have substantial advantages in applications to toxicology. However, many primary cells have a limited life span, and do not replicate in culture. This limits toxicology applications to short-term studies. Genetically engineered cells overcome this limitation. They represent a stable dividing population which permits longer-term studies. 

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