Organophosphoric ester

M. K. Johnson, The Target for Initiation of Delayed Neurotoxicity by Organophosphorous Esters Biochemical Studies and Toxicological Applications , in Reviews in Biochemical Toxicology , Eds. E. Hodgson, J. R. Bend, R. M. Philpot, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982, Vol. 4, p. 141-214. 

Smolen JM, Stone AT (1998) Organophosphorous ester hydrolysis catalyzed by dissolved metals and metal containing surfaces. In PM Huang et al. (eds) Soil chemistry and ecosystem health. Soil Sci Soc Am Spec Publ 52 Madison, Wisconsin, pp 157-171 Spencer WF, Shoup TD, Spear RC (1980) Conversion of parathion to paraoxon on soil dusts and clay-minerals as affected by ozone and UV-Ught. J Agric Food Chem 28 366-371 Stevenson FJ (1982) Humus chemistry. Wiley, New York Stevenson FJ (1986) Cycles of soil. Wiley Interscience, New York... 

The toxicity of organophosphoric esters for insects and mammals is associated with inhibition of cholinesterases. Investigations on the relation between chemical structure of organophosphoric esters and the inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) have revealed that anticholinesterase activity depends to a large extent on the chemical reactivity of the esters. As a rule, the chemical reactivity of the phosphorus atom is the single most important property which determines the anticholinesterase activity of an organophosphoric ester. 

Scheme 11- Syntheses of organophosphoric esters 107a-109a and 107-109b...

Abou-Donia, M.B. (1993). The cytoskeleton as a target for organophosphorous ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Chem. Biol. Interact. 87 383-93. 

Abou-Donia, M.B. (2003). Organophosphorous ester-induced chronic neurotoxicity. Arch. Environ. Health 58 484-97. 

Li and Yuan used MM to generate reasonable input structures for semi-empirical (MNDO) calculations.1 2 The goal was to study the effect of conformation on the reactivity of organophosphorous esters. The relative ordering of the various conformers calculated by MM matched the ordering that was obtained by the MNDO calculations. 

Organophosphoric esters are very effective and degradable pesticides [304], which makes them preferable to their chlorine-based counterparts. Their hydrolysis behavior is well known [305], the final product being the orthophosphate ion. But these compounds are very toxic to humans because of their inhibiting effect on acetylcolinesterase as little as a few ppm can be lethal [306]. 

Johnson, M.K., 1975. The delayed neuropathy caused by some organophosphorous esters mechanisms and challenge, CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 3, pp. 289-316. 

A combination of zinc pyrithione and organophosphoric ester compound forms a very powerful protection against bacterial growth. This film has been invented for production of urine bags. 

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