Toxicity of manganese

Morgan, J.D., D.G. Mitchell, and P.M. Chapman. 1986. Individual and combined toxicity of manganese and molybdenum to mussel, Mytilus edulis, larvae. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37 303-307. 

Lasier, P. J., Winger, P.V. and Bogenrieder, K. J. (2000) Toxicity of manganese to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella azteca, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 38 (3), 298-304. 

R. T. Ingersoll, E. B. Montgomery, H. V. Aposhian, Central nervous system toxicity of manganese. II. Cocaine or reserpine inhibit manganese concentration in the rat brain. 

The toxic effects of manganese in dogs (SEDA-21, 239) and humans (4) tend to involve the heart, liver, and nervous system, but some endocrine effects can occur. The general toxicity of manganese (5) and its neurotoxicity (6) have been reviewed. 

Caution. Because of the toxicity of manganese carbonyl derivatives, the preparation must be carried out in a well-ventilated hood. Acetonitrile is also toxic. 

To further assess the mechanism of toxicity of manganese in the pre-weanling rat, Laskey et al. (1985) dosed rats from birth to 21 days of age with particulate Mu304 in 50% sucrose solution by gavage at doses of 0,... 

M. Iszard Xavier University of Louisiana, College of Pharmacy Acute and intermediate-duration toxicity of manganese in rodents ATSDR... 

BergstromR. 1977. Acute pulmonary toxicity of manganese dioxide. Scand J Work Environ Health 3 (Suppl l) l-40. 

EPA. 1995b. Proceedings Workshop on the Bioavailability and Oral Toxicity of Manganese. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Research and Development, Office of Science and Technology, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington D.C. 

McMillan DE. 1999. A brief history of the neurobehavioral toxicity of manganese Some unanswered questions. Neurotoxicology 20 499-508. 

Sanchez DJ, Domingo JL, Llobet JM, et al. 1993. Maternal and developmental toxicity of manganese in the mouse. Toxicol Lett 69 45-52. 

Shiotsuka RN. 1984. Inhalation toxicity of manganese dioxide and a magnesium oxide-manganese dioxide mixture. Report to U.S. Army Medical Research and Developmental Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, by Inhalation Toxicology Facility, Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Uptown,... 

Suzuki Y, Mouri T, Suzuki Y et al. 1975. Study of subacute toxicity of manganese dioxide in monkeys. Tokushima J Exp Med 25 119-125. 

Ingeesoll RT, Montgomeey EB, Jr and Aposhian HV (1995) Centred nervous system toxicity of manganese. I. Inhibition of spontaneous motor activity in rats after intrathecal administration of manganese chloride. Fundam Appl Toxicol 27 106-113. 

The hepatotoxicity (Fell etal. 1996), pulmonary toxicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity of manganese may also be relevant in humans (Frumkin and Solomon 1997), whilst carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic effects in mammals have not been confirmed (Saric 1986 Schiele 1991). 

In summary, the biochemical mechanisms which govern essentiality, deficiency, and toxicity of manganese are complex, and their details still largely unknown. 

Manganese Metabolism in Animals and Humans Including the Toxicity of Manganese... 

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