Toxicity mutagenicity

Part III This part is to ensure that safety tests have been carried out according to GLPThe data to be submitted are toxicity (single dose and repeated dose), reproduction function, embryo-fetal and perinatal toxicity, mutagenic potential, carcinogenic potential, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and local tolerance. 

Detection of toxicity, mutagenicity, or pathogenicity by conventional methods or by fast biotechnological tests. Production, trade, or use of specific products containing nonbiodegradable hazardous substances may be banned based on biotechnological tests of biodegradability and toxicity. 

The risk characterization is carried out by quantitatively comparing the outcome of the hazard (effects assessment) to the outcome of the exposure assessment, i.e., a comparison of the NOAEL, or LOAEL, and the exposure estimate. The ratio resulting from this comparison is called the Margin of Safety (MOS) (MOS = N(L)OAEL/Exposure). This is done separately for each potentially exposed population, i.e., workers, consumers, and man exposed via the environment, and for each toxicological endpoint, i.e., acute toxicity, irritation and corrosion, sensitization, repeated dose toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicity to reproduction. 

United Kingdom Department of Health (1995) Annual report of the Committees on Toxicity, Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment. London, Her Majesty s Stationery Office. 

Khudoley, V.V., Gvildis, V.Y. Pliss, GB. (1989) Identification of some trihalomethanes in drinking water and assessment of their toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Vopr. Onkol., 35, 837-842 (in Russian)... 

In this volume, we have focused on how xenobiotics are metabolized in higher animals and how this metabolism is mediated by the nutritional status of the target animal. Emphasis has been placed on the toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and potentially mutagenic or carcinogenic compounds. The topic is a natural follow-up and expansion of Xenobiotics in Foods and Feeds (ACS Symposium Series No. 234, Finley and Schwass, Eds.) in which sources of xenobiotics were identified and discussed at length. The authors in this volume discuss how and why these xenobiotics are toxic and how nutritional intervention can mediate some of the toxicities. 

Visek, W.J. and Clinton, S.K. (1985) Dietary Influences on the Toxicity, Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Hydrazines and Related Compounds. This Volume. 

Thousands of QSAR models have been published and reported. A quite large series of activities have been used for QSAR, including physico-chemical, toxicological, ecotoxicological, and environmental properties. Examples of common QSAR models are models for water solubility, fish toxicity, mutagenicity, and for environmental degradation. 

The larger concern about nitro-aromatic compounds is that environmental exposure to these molecules can cause cancer in humans and in other living organisms. Nitro-aromatic compounds are acutely toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic in laboratory mammals and in vitro test systems [6, 8]. Despite the potential negative impact of nitro-aromatic compounds on human health, they continue to be emitted into ambient air from municipal incinerators [9], motor vehicles (particularly from diesel exhausts) [10, 11], industrial power plants [12], and other sources. Evidence... 

---