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Toxicity ecotoxicology

Keywords Baseline toxicity Ecotoxicology Environmental transformation products Metabolites Mode of toxic action Pharmaceuticals Pesticides Herbicides QSAR... [Pg.206]

Nanoparticles have found their way for many human use products over the years. They are in the colloidal or subcolloidal size range. Nowack and Bucheli (2007) present a review of classes of nanoparticles relevant to the environment and summarize their formation, emission, and occurrence in the environment. At elevated concentrations, they reported the toxic ecotoxicological effects of certain nanoparticles. [Pg.428]

EinaHy, the ecotoxicological studies, designed to assess the impact of the substance on the environment, embrace acute toxicity tests to fish and Daphnia, and a battery of tests for the biodegradabiUty of the substance and its biological oxygen demand characteristics. [Pg.301]

ECOTOxicoLOGY The study of toxic effects of chemical and physical agents on living organisms as well as human beings, especially on populations and communities within defined ecosystems. [Pg.13]

The ECOTOXicology database is a source for locating single chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants and wildlife. ECOTOX integrates three toxicology effects databases AQUIRE (aquatic life), PHYTOTOX (terrestrial plants), and TERRETOX (terrestrial wildlife). These databases were created by the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development (ORD), and the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laborator) (NHEERL), Mid-Continent Ecology Division... [Pg.305]

Hadjispyreu S, Kungeles A, Anagncstcpeules A (2001) Toxicity, bioaccumulation, and interactive effects ef organotin, cadmium, and chromium on Artemia franciscana. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 49 179-186. [Pg.46]

It should also be mentioned that some compounds of relatively low toxicity act as physical poisons, although such pollutants are seldom important in ecotoxicology. They have no known specific mode of action, but if they reach relatively high concentrations in cellular structures, for example, manbranes, they can disturb cellular processes. Examples include certain ethers and esters, and other simple organic compounds. [Pg.55]

The mechanism of toxic action of some important organic pollutants is described and related, where possible, to ecotoxicological effects. [Pg.65]

Herbicides constitute a large and diverse class of pesticides that, with a few exceptions, have very low mammalian toxicity and have received relatively little attention as environmental pollutants. Much of the work in the held of ecotoxicology and much environmental risk assessment has focused on animals, especially vertebrate animals. There has perhaps been a tendency to overlook the importance of plants in the natural world. Most plants belong to the lowest trophic levels of ecosystems, and animals in higher trophic levels are absolutely dependent on them for their survival. [Pg.257]

Ecotoxicological Prolonged fish toxicity (including reproduction) Avian acute/subacute toxicity Accumulation, degradation and mobility tests... [Pg.321]

Ciba-Geigy. 1986. TSCA sec. 8(d) submission no. 86-870000077. Ecotoxicology of phosphate esters. Testing to OECD guidelines, 1982. Washington, DC Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Microfiche no. 513262. [Pg.336]

Encouraged by recent legislations all over the world aimed to protect human health and environment, alternative methods have proved their abilities to assess the toxicity of chemicals. Hence, a possible solution to the characterization of the toxicological and ecotoxicological risk of the chemicals could be represented by the application of in silico and in vitro techniques. [Pg.171]

The first innovation introduced by the work is the approach used in the case of missing data human toxicological and ecotoxicological values were predicted using freely available QSAR models like Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.) v 3.2 [26] and ToxBoxes [27] (nowadays ToxBoxes is no longer free). [Pg.178]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.87 , Pg.88 , Pg.89 , Pg.345 , Pg.346 ]




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