Toxicity ecotoxicity

The report was peer-reviewed through the European Commission of Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) and by individual expert peer reviewers in EU Member States. The authors of the report were P. Floyd, C. Corden, P. Howe, and S. Dobson. 

Fig. 3 LCA impact profile on sheet fed offset printed matter (functional unit 1 ton). Weighted potential impact (milli-person-equivalents targeted), shown on the x-axis. Only seven impact categories, i.e. human toxicity, ecotoxicity, etc. were shown here...

A ruling has been passed by the European Commission s scientific committee on toxicity, ecotoxicity and the environment, (the CSTEE), that the use of acetyl tributyl citrate as a plasticiser in children s toys is safe. It has also ruled that the current risk assessment models are reliable. Brief details are given in this little article. 

Europe s controversy over soft PVC toys looks set to continue after EU health experts rejected the best available method for assessing the dangers to children. The so-called Dutch migration test was designed to mimic the way phthalate softeners leak out of PVC when it is sucked or chewed. Manufacturers had hoped the EU s Scientific Committee for Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment would accept the method as a standard test for phthalate migration, allowing it to be used across the EU, but the committee ruled that the Dutch test was unreliable. It also rejected a similar test developed in the UK, and issued a list of changes that would have to be made before either... 

STEVENS URETHANE UK,DEPT.OF TRADE IND. UK,LABORATORY OF THE GOVERNMENT CHEMIST SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON TOXICITY,ECOTOXICITY ENVIRONMENT AMERICAN COUNCIL ON SCIENCE HEALTH EUROPEAN COMMISSION TNO PLASTICS RUBBER RESEARCH INSTITUTE DENMARK EU EUROPEAN COMMUNITY EUROPEAN UNION FRANCE NETHERLANDS SCANDINAVIA UK USA WESTERN EUROPE WESTERN EUROPE-GENERAL... 

Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (SCTEE). Directorate General for Consumer Policy and Consumer Health Protection, Brussels, 1999. 

The TDI values settle by the EFSA in 2005 (Table 3) were different from those calculated by the Scientific Committee for Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) in 1998 [134] based on the phthalate migration from soft PVC toys and child care articles, and the available toxicity studies on animals at that time [117, 122, 135], with the following values DBP (TDI of 100 pg/kg b.w./day), BBP (TDI of 200 pg/kg b.w./day), and DiDP (TDI of 200 pg/kg b.w./day), but they... 

Global warming Formation of photochemical pollutants Acidification Human toxicity Ecotoxicity (terrestrial and aquatic) Nutrification (eutrophication) Radiation Yes far less energy required Yes less diffusive emissions VOC Yes less energy required... 

CSTEE (1998) Opinion on Some Practical Implications of the Proposed Modifications to the Water Framework Directive (Annex V). Scientific Committee for Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment Opinion Adopted by Written Procedure, 5 June, 1998 CSTEE, Brussels. 

Scientific Committee for Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Envbonment Clean Water Act (1972)... 

At EU level the Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity and the Environment (CSTEE) has established standard protocols for the extraction of phthalates from plasticized PVC toys. In 1999 the European Commission banned the use of DEHP in PVC toys and other easily mouthed items intended for children under 3 years of age as a precaution against the uncertain impact of phthalates on young children [127]. 

CSTEE (1998) Scientific committee on toxicity, ecotoxicity and the environment opinion on the risk assessment of short chain length chlorinated paraffins. Available at http //ec.europa. eu/health/ph risk/committees/sct/docshtml/sct out23 en.htm... 

Guideline values proposed by the World Health Organization based on a toxicological approach for each substance are 2 /rg/l for simazine and atrazine, and 20 /rg/l for alachlor. Directive 91/414/CE harmonizes at the European scale the principle of authorization delivery of active substances. For example, a herbicide can be introduced in the positive list of the directive Annex 1 if only the scenario takes into account toxicity, ecotoxicity, and study on presence and fate in the environment, in order to exclude aU risks of groundwater contamination at levels higher than... 

Opinion on the Results of the Risk Assessment of Sodium Perbo rate. Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity, and the Environment (CSTEE), 28 May 2004. 

Human C/D/R/N or RfD <0.003 mg/ kg/day. Aquatic chronic NOEC <0.1 mg/l acute NOEC <1.0 mg/l Human C/ M/R/N other chronic effects or effects from site releases Human chronic effects. Aquatic chronic/acute toxicity (see EPA 2005 for details) Aquatic chronic NOEC High <0.1 pg/l Moderate 1.0 pg/i Human C/M/R or other chronic. Aquatic Acute LC/EC5o<1 mg/l chronic NOEC <0.1 mg/l na Human C/M/R or other chronic toxicity. Aquatic Chronic NOEC <0.01 mg/l Human C/M/R endocrine disruption or equivalent concern Toxicity/ecotoxicity data with potential adverse effects to humans or environment see Table 3... 

There is no way to answer this question in a general vray. Since ionic hquids can consist of so many chemically different types of cations and anions this question has to be answered case by case. The magic ionic hquid which meets all requirements in toxicity, ecotoxicity, stability and performance simply does not exist. Up to now there is still very limited information available regarding a full toxicological profile of ionic liquids. However, recently some valuable data have been published [27]. These data were collected for the notification process of the corresponding ionic liquids and represent examples from the most common classes of cations EMIM, BMIM and ammonium (Table 9-3). 

Substances and preparations are divided into 15 groups in accordance with their dangerous properties. These represent their most important toxic, ecotoxic, and physical-chemical properties, although some special properties are not represented, e. g., the suffocating property of nitrogen and the rare gases. 

Because of the high toxicity/ecotoxicity of the oxides of cadmium and mercury, the interest for PANI comp osites with oxides of the zinc group of transition metals was mainly focused on PANI/ZnO composites [ 18-36], while reports devoted to the PANI/CdO are scarce [37,38]. Growing interest in the design of novel nano- and/or microscaled heterojunctions, consisting... 

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