Toxic waste sites cancer

Chronic-Duration Exposure and Cancer. No studies of chronic duration were found in humans or animals. Chronic toxicity information is important because people living near hazardous waste sites might be exposed to cresols for many years. Prolonged exposure to cresols in humans might occur by oral, inhalation, or dermal routes. Chronic studies would enable discovery of effects produced by long-term exposure to relatively low levels of cresols, which might not be detected in shorter-term studies. 

Najem GR, Louria DB, Lavenhar MA, Feurman M. Clusters of cancer mortality in New Jersey municipalities with special reference to chemical toxic waste disposal sites and per capita income. Int J Epidemiol 1985 14(4) 528 37. 

EPA and others have developed a relative potency estimate approach for the PAHs (EPA 1993a Nisbet and LaGoy 1992). By using this approach, the cancer potency ofthe other carcinogenic PAHs can be estimated based on their relative potency to benzo[a]pyrene. Following are the toxicity equivalence factors (based on carcinogenicity) calculated for PAHs discussed in this profile considered by the authors of one of these approaches to be of most concern at hazardous waste sites (Nisbet and LaGoy 1992) ... 

Due to their extensive use and resistance to decomposition, halogenated polyphenyls are almost universal environmental contaminants, present in waste sites, sediments, the human body, water supplies, and elsewhere. They are associated with many toxic and biochemical effects including wasting syndromes, bone marrow diseases, atrophy, chloracne, hyperplasin, liver damage, and cancer. 

The information in Table 2 compares with 9,100 deaths and 3,000,000 injuries on the job and 38,100 deaths and 1,800,000 injuries from autos in 1993 (National Safety Council 1994). It has been estimated that 20 toxic air pollutants caused 2,000 cancers annually (USEPA 1987). Superfund and hazardous waste sites were projected to cause 1,000 and 100 cancer cases, respectively, per year (USEPA 1987). The health damage from pollutants in the home is in the same range as deaths and injuries caused by cars and on-the-job accidents. The number of cancer cases listed for home toxics is far in excess of the estimated 5-27 cases/yr used by USEPA to regulate... 

Cluster 1 Childhood Leukemia 468 Cluster 2 Prostate Cancer 468 Clusters 3-6 Testicular Cancer 469 Cluster 7 Brain Cancer Cluster—Electronic Workers 469 Cluster 8 Brain Cancer Cluster—Petrochemical Workers 470 Cluster 9 Brain Cancers in Offspring of Electronic Workers 470 Cluster 10 Kidney Cancer Cluster 471 Cluster 11 Colorectal Cancer Cluster 471 Cluster 12 Multiple Cancer Cluster 471 Cluster 13 Lung Cancer Cluster 472 Cluster 14 Childhood Leukemia 472 Cluster 15 Multiple Cancer Clusters 473 Cluster 16 Toxic Waste Disposal Site-Related Clusters 474... 

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