Tower shells

Temperature sensing points at various points along the tower shell are often a useful troubleshooting tool. Many... 

Downcomer flow areas (a) Between downcomer and tower shell, 0.886 ft ... 

Tower diameters in the 1-ft, 6-in. to 2-ft range are not usually economical as tray installations. A packed tower might prove the best economically. Trays can be installed on a central rod and spacer arrangement, with seals between trays and tower shell. Such an arrangement usually brings the cost of the installation up to that of a 2-ft, 6-in. tower. This is the smallest practical size that a man can crawl through. 

Tower shells may be ferrous, non-ferrous, stainless alloys or clad (such as monel-clad-steel). The trays are usually light gage metal consistent with the corrosion and erosion problems of the system. The velocity action of vapors flowing through holes and slots accentuates the erosion-corrosion problems, and often a carbon steel tower will use... 

Tray types are selected for performance. However, when a particular type is not specifically required, it is well to consider that, in carbon steel, the trays installed (not including tower shell) cost approximately ... 

Ceramic, plastic and other non-metal tower shells are used quite often (Figures 9-3, 4, and 5). It is important to consider in ceramic construction that the main inlet or outlet nozzles or any other large connections should be oriented 90° to each other to reduce the possibility of cracking the walls, as most cracks go one-half diameter. Preferably there should only be one nozzle at any one horizontal plane. The nozzles should never carry any piping or other stress load. 

Packings of random and structured character are suited especially to towers under 3 ft dia and where low pressure drop is desirable. With proper initiai distribution and periodic redistribution, voiumetric efficiencies can be made greater than those of tray towers. Packed internals are used as replacements for achieving greater throughput or separation in existing tower shells. 

Selling price of MEK Steam raising cost Cost of tower shell Cost of plates Cost of reboiler... 

Stability of Hyperbolic Cooling Tower Shells Under Wind Load)... 

Spray Cooling An Alternative to Cooling Towers Shell, Gerry L. Wendt, Ronald C. 

Buckling of Cooling-Tower Shells Bifurcation Results Cole, Peter P. Abel, John F. Billington, David P. 

The cost for fabricated tower shells is quite often estimated on the basis of weight. Figure 16-24 indicates the approximate cost for fabricated steel towers based on weight. This cost is for the tower shell only, without trays, packing, or connections. The cost for installed connections, such as manholes and nozzles, may be approximated from the data in Fig. 16-25. 

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