Total Shoulder Replacements

All other indications leading to total shoulder replacement (TSR) are generally below approximately 5% each over a range of reported studies (Snyder 1996). It is interesting to note, however, that replacement required for revision of prior surgery has been reported to be from 0% to about 4% (Snyder 1996) to 6% (Rahme, Jacobsen, and Salomonsson 2001) up to 11% (Neer, II, Watson, and Stanton 1982) of all cases. 

Neer C.S., 11, K.C. Watson, and EJ. Stanton. 1982. Recent experience in total shoulder replacement. J Bone Joint Surg 64 319-337. 

Sojbjerg J.O., L.H. Frich, H.V. Johaimsen, and O. Sneppen. 1999. Late results of total shoulder replacement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop 366 39-45. 

Wirth M.A., and Rockwood C.A., Jr. 1996. Complications of total shoulder-replacement arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg 78 603-616. 

All other indications leading to total shoulder replacement (TSR) are generally below approximately 5% each over a range of reported studies [44]. It is interesting to... 

Radnay CS, et al. Total shoulder replacement compared with humeral head replacement for the treatment of primary gleno- 92. humeral osteoarthritis a systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2007 16(4) 396-402. 

Klepps S, et al. Incidence of early radiolucent glenoid lines in patients having total shoulder replacements. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2005(435) 18-25. 

Rickert M, Loew M. [Hemiarthroplasty or total shoulder replacement in glenohumeral osteoarthritis ]. Orthopade 2007 36(11) 1013-1016. 

Eight procedures were dental, and 26 were orthopedic (17 of the latter were classified as major). Seventeen procedures were performed using continuous infusion (Table 3.8). Major procedures included total joint replacements total prostheses and endoprostheses and arthrodeses of the hip, knee, ankle, or shoulder. 

AI2O3 and Zr02 are considered to be nonbioactive ceramics and are frequently used as the articular heads of total arthroplasties such as total hip prostheses, total shoulder prostheses, and maxillar articular replacements. No unwanted biological effects could be observed in vivo, and no cytotoxic effects have been evidenced in vitro for both compounds except for some formation of granuloma around wear particles of these materials. Oonishi et al. (1997) have also shown small amounts of new bone formation between AI2O3 particles in an experimental rabbit femoral defect model. 

FIGURE 45.10 Miscellaneous examples of prostheses for total joint replacement (a) ankle, (b) socket-ball shoulder joint, (c) hinged elbow joint, and (d) encapsulated finger joint... 

The number of shoulder arthroplasty procedures done yearly has grown from an estimated 5000 per year in the United States between 1990 and 1992 (Wirth and Rockwood, Jr. 1996) to around 15,000 per year between 2002 and 2003 (Jackson 2003). Of these, a substantial portion are hemiarthroplasties. The prevalence of hemiarthroplasties as a percentage of the total number of replacements ranges from 14% (Edwards et al. 2002) in a multicenter study of OA, to 65% in a study of fracture repair (Boileau et al. 2001), to 87% in the Swedish shoulder arthroplasty register started in 1999 (Rahme, Jacobsen, and Salomonsson 2(X)1). Dr. Charles Neer, II, the pioneer of tiie procedure, estimates that overall, aroimd 20% of shoulder replacements are hemiarthroplasties (2003). 

The reverse total shoulder prosthesis design concept is one in which the humeral head is replaced with a concave polyethylene bearing surface and the glenoid face is augmented by a convex articular metal component. As the name implies, this reverses the normal anatomic geometries of the humeral head and glenoid face. An example of this prosthesis concept is shown in Figure 9.12. 

Ibarra C., D.M. Dines, and J.A. McLaughlin. 1998. Glenoid replacement in total shoulder arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am 29 403 13. 

The most common biomaterials applications for the replacement or augmentation of bone are used to treat injuries, particularly fractures. A much smaller proportion of implants are used in the treatment of bony diseases, such as replacing bone resected due to osteosarcoma. Total-joint replacement, such as the hip, knee, or shoulder, can be used to treat both bony ftactures and joint disease. 

Post-operative pain total knee replacement, bunionectomy, total hip replacement, arthroscopic shoulder surgery, hernia repair. 

Keller J. et al. Glenoid replacement in total shoulder arthroplasty. 

Guery J, et al. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Survivorship analysis of eighty replacements followed for five to ten years. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006 88(8) 1742-7. 

Bishop JY, Flatow EL. Humeral head replacement versus total shoulder arthroplasty clinical outcomes—a review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005 14(1 Suppl. S) 141S-146S. 

Ovesen J, Olsen BS, Jdiannsen HV, Sojbjerg JO. Capitellocondylar total elbow replacement in late-stage rheumatoid arthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2005 July—August 14(4) 414—20. 

Stokdijk M, Nagels J, Garling EH, Rozing PM. The kinematic elbow axis as a parameter to evaluate total elbow replacement A cadaver study of the iBP elbow system. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2003 January-February 12(l) 63-8. 

---