Total cortisol

Attenuated conversion of cortisol to cortisone in AME causes inhibition of cortisol synthesis (negative feedback), and excretion of total cortisol metabolites is typically 50% lower than normal. The condition is most commonly diagnosis by determining... 

In competitive homogeneous immunoassay, separation and quantitation of free and bound labeled antigen (cortisol) were carried out in a fused silica chip. Since the antibody-antigen complex was not detected, an internal standard (fluorescein) was added to aid quantitation. In addition, since most of the total cortisol was bound in the serum, a releasing agent, 8-anilino-l-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS), should be added [1006]. In other reports, competitive immunoassay for BSA was demonstrated after performing a CE separation on-chip [105,1005]. 

The effects of fluticasone 1500 micrograms/day and budesonide 1600 micrograms/day, both by dry powder inhalation, on three systemic markers (urinary concentrations of total cortisol metabolites, morning serum cortisol, and osteocalcin concentrations) have been investigated in 46 healthy and 31 asthmatic subjects (8). Urinary total cortisol metabolite concentrations represented the most sensitive marker of the systemic effects of inhaled glucocorticoids, and were lower in healthy subjects treated with fluticasone than in asthmatic patients, suggesting greater systemic availability of fluticasone in healthy subjects. A similar correlation... 

Ammonia Amylase pancreatic ALP total Cortisol Phenobarbital... 

In the horse, U2 agonists are associated with a decrease in levels of catecholamines (Raekallio et al 1991). This is attributed to decreased sympathetic outflow from the CNS as well as decreased stress response owing to the sedative effects of these drugs (Raekallio et al 1991, 1992). Cortisol levels do not decrease following the administration of U2 agonists even though the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the pituitary is depressed (Alexander Irvine 2000, Raekallio et al 1991). However, plasma total cortisol levels may not be an accurate indicator of stress levels in the horse (Alexander Irvine 1998). 

Estrogens increase tlie plasma concentrations of CBG and thus markedly influence total cortisol blood concentrations. The concentration of free cortisol is unaffected the clearance of cortisol and its production rate and concentrations of urinary metabolites are subnormal with estrogen therapy. 

Representative values of total cortisol (free and bound) in serum assayed by immunoassay are as follows ... 

Tai, S.S. Welch, M.J. Development and evaluation of a candidate reference method for the determination of total cortisol in human serum using isotope dilution liquid chro-matography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76 (4), 1008-1014. 

Efforts toward producing synthetic steroids, particularly cortisol, expanded during World War II to enable researchers to explore the possibiUty of medicinal appHcations of corticosteroids. In 1948, the discovery that cortisone dramatically alleviates the symptoms of arthritis led to intensive research on the antiinflammatory properties of corticosteroids. The development of partial and total syntheses for the commercial preparation of cortisone, alternative methods for producing cortisone, and the search for more potent antiinflammatory analogues gready stimulated both academic and industrial steroid research. 

A third variation of this strategy has been appHed to an enantioselective total synthesis of cortisone. From an appropriately functionalized, scalemic hydrindan that possessed an 11-oxo-group and a masked corticoid side-chain, (+)-cortisol was produced in an 11-step total synthesis (213). 

LC-MS with on-line SPE using a RAM pre-column with an internal ODS phase was described by van der Hoeven et al. (95) for the analysis of cortisol and prednisolone in plasma, and arachidonic acid in urine. The samples were injected directly and the only off-line pretreatment required was centrifugation. By using the on-line SPE-LC-MS system, cortisol and related compounds could be totally recovered and quantified in 100 p.1 plasma within 5 min with a typical detection of 2 ng/ml (Figure 11.6(b)). The RAM-type of sorbents, in which the outer surface of the particles is covered with aj-acid glycoprotein, also appear to be useful for direct SPE of... 

Endocrine effects Statins interfere with cholesterol synthesis and lower circulating cholesterol levels and, as such, might theoretically blunt adrenal or gonadal steroid hormone production. Small declines in total testosterone with no commensurate elevation in LH have been noted with the use of fluvastatin. Pravastatin showed inconsistent results with regard to possible effects on basal steroid hormone levels atorvastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin did not reduce basal plasma cortisol concentration or basal plasma testosterone concentration or impair adrenal reserve. Appropriately evaluate patients who display clinical evidence of endocrine dysfunction. Exercise caution when administering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors with drugs that affect steroid levels or activity, such as ketoconazole, spironolactone, and cimetidine. 

In an early study Turpeinen and Stenman [99] published a negative-ion MRM ES-MS/MS method for urinary cortisol. The internal standard used was 6a-methyl-prednisolone and manual extraction was employed. Both steroids eluted within 6 min from the microbore column, but the total run and equilibration time was not reported. The transitions monitored were m/z 361—>331 for cortisol and m/z 373—> 343 for internal standard. The sample size was 1 ml. 

The method measures cortisone (urinary free cortisone, UFE), cortisol (urinary free cortisol, UFF), 6/1-hydroxycortisol, and 18-OHF using deuterated internal standards [62]. Commercial tetradeuterocortisol was used as an internal standard for cortisol, and the remaining dideutero homologs prepared in the laboratory by deuteration of A1 analogues. UFF and UFE are considered better indicators of hormone availability and hypersecretion than the F and E (free plus conjugated) quantified in the comprehensive profile. Typically the values of total F and E are about three times that of... 

Hormones detected in milk include some from the peptide and steroid classes but none of the amino hormones. Prolactin, a protein of 199 amino acid residues, is normally present in a concentration of about 50 /tg/liter, and the hexapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone of the hypothalmus at about 1.5 g/liter. Steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex include the glucocorticoids cortisol and corticosterone, totaling 0.2-0.6 /tg/liter. Those from the ovary—progesterone, estrone, and estradiol—have concentrations of 10-30, 30, and 175 /ig/liter, respectively. Hormones in milk have been reviewed by Koldovsky (1980) and Pope and Swinburne (1980). The prolactin in milk is biologically active (Gala et al. 1980). 

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