Hormones, detection

Hormones detected in milk include some from the peptide and steroid classes but none of the amino hormones. Prolactin, a protein of 199 amino acid residues, is normally present in a concentration of about 50 /tg/liter, and the hexapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone of the hypothalmus at about 1.5 g/liter. Steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex include the glucocorticoids cortisol and corticosterone, totaling 0.2-0.6 /tg/liter. Those from the ovary—progesterone, estrone, and estradiol—have concentrations of 10-30, 30, and 175 /ig/liter, respectively. Hormones in milk have been reviewed by Koldovsky (1980) and Pope and Swinburne (1980). The prolactin in milk is biologically active (Gala et al. 1980). 

BD Albertson, FP Haseltine. Non-radiometric Assays, Technology and Application in Polypeptide and Steriod Hormone Detection. New York Alan R. Liss, 1988. 

In the following section, we review the state of the art in applications of SPR biosensor technology for detection of disease biomarkers such as antigens and antibodies related to cancer, heart attack, and other diseases. Review of SPR applications in the field of hormone detection and monitoring of drug serum levels is also reported. 

C, N-labeled rat growth hormone detected ranged from 825 to 66pmol in a 20 pi plasma sample. Interestingly, HPLC-CRIMS has shown excellent agreement to liquid scintillation counting of HPLC fractions. 

RIAs are used extensively in hormone detection in both serum samples and saliva samples. An example of this involves the development of a specific RIA to detect estrone sulfate in male plasma samples. Estrone sulfate is quantitatively a major circulating plasma estrogen in both female and male humans. It has been widely studied, especially its metabolism, in breast cancer tissues. 

Chemiluminescence has been studied extensively (2) for several reasons (/) chemiexcitation relates to fundamental molecular interactions and transformations and its study provides access to basic elements of reaction mechanisms and molecular properties (2) efficient chemiluminescence can provide an emergency or portable light source (J) chemiluminescence provides means to detect and measure trace elements and pollutants for environmental control, or clinically important substances (eg, metaboHtes, specific proteins, cancer markers, hormones, DNA) and (4) classification of the hioluminescent relationship between different organisms defines their biological relationship and pattern of evolution. 

ImmunO lSS iy. Chemiluminescence compounds (eg, acridinium esters and sulfonamides, isoluminol), luciferases (eg, firefly, marine bacterial, Benilla and Varela luciferase), photoproteins (eg, aequorin, Benilld), and components of bioluminescence reactions have been tested as replacements for radioactive labels in both competitive and sandwich-type immunoassays. Acridinium ester labels are used extensively in routine clinical immunoassay analysis designed to detect a wide range of hormones, cancer markers, specific antibodies, specific proteins, and therapeutic dmgs. An acridinium ester label produces a flash of light when it reacts with an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide. The detection limit for the label is 0.5 amol. 

Immunochemical metliods drat utilize radioisotopic labeling can detect tire use of anabolic sex hormones drat increase die growdi in meat animals. Stilbene [588-59-0] trenbolone [10161 -33-8] and zeranol [55331-29-8] C gH2 0, can be successfully monitored by diese immunoassay techniques... 

Manual transfer of the chromatographically separated substance to the detector . These include, for example, the detection of antibiotically active substances, plant and animal hormones, mycotoxins, insecticides, spice and bitter principles and alkaloids. The frequency distribution of their employment is shown in Figure 54 [295]. 

Bastenie and Zylberszac, in a general article on the former subject, point out that colchicine (1) brings into mitosis all cells which are in karyo-kinetic inuninence but which normally would slowly and successively reach mitosis, and (2) stops them at this stage. This has made possible a technique which picks out cell multiplication and can be used for detecting many types of hormonal stimulation, e.g., the action of follicular hormone and other oestrogens. ... 

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