Tool for the Reduction and Assessment

Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI). ... 

J. C. Bare, G. A. Norris, D. W. Pennington and T. McKone, TRACI The Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Other Environmental Impacts, Journal of Industrial Ecology, 6(3-4), 49-78 (2003). Software available at http //epa.gov/ORD/NRMRL/std/ sab / iam traci.htm download. 

Bare, J.C., Norris, G.A., Pennington, D.W., McKone, T., 2003. TRACI, the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts. Journal of Industrial Ecology 6, 3—4. http //mitpress.mit.edu4oumals/pdf/jiec 6 3 49 0.pdf. 

Bare J. TRACI 2.0 the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts 2.0. Clean Technol Environ Pohcy 2011 13(5) 687—96. 

The comparative environmental impacts of PLA and PE, PS, PP, and PET for other environmental impact categories can be estimated by applying an LCIA tool to the PLA data contained within the ecoinvent database. TRACI (Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts), developed by the U.S. EPA, was used to calculate the environmental impacts related to eutrophication, ecotoxicity, acidification, ozone depletion, smog formation, and human health (Figure 26.6) [53]. The impacts for PLA from the ecoinvent database (PLArSP) and the modified agricultural stage (PLA SP + L) are calculated in the same manner as previously discussed. 

In conclusion, the transient technique TAP has been shown to be a powerful tool for the fast characterization of carbon catalysts and the results are in accordance with those inferred by conventional methods and also allowed to obtain assess the transport and sorption parameters for the NO-carbon system. Further research will be carried out to gain more understanding on the catalytic reduction of NO over carbon catalysts. 

Photoemission techniques offer a variety of tools for the discrimination between extra- and intra-crystalline location of components introduced (e.g. metal ions, MI ). Nevertheless, due to the specific limitations of these tools, detailed studies, preferably combining several of them, are often required to derive sound conclusions, in particular if both extra- and intra-zeolite species are present. Apart from quality assessment after ion-exchange steps, photoemission has been increasingly applied to describe mobility phenomena, e.g., the preparation of zeolite catalysts by solid-state reactions (soHd-state ion exchange [86-89],reductive dispersion (Ga203 into H-ZSM-5 [90-93]),chemical transport [94-97]), the penetration of metal poisons (Ni,V) into FCC catalysts [98-101] and the redistribution of active catalytic components in zeoHte crystals under reaction conditions [102-105]. Much of the earlier work in this field has been reviewed by Shpiro et al. [33,35]. 

Stable isotopes are ideal tools for the dynamic assessment of in vivo metabohsm in the pediatric population. Not only are these tracers safe and therefore ethically justifiable, in addition these tools may be particularly important for the validation of new treatment modalities, such as novel drug treatment or gene therapy. Many more exciting studies are currently under way to enhance our knowledge of pediatric metabolism and (patho-)physiology, an important factor for the continued reduction of pediatric morbidity and mortality [7]. 

PRIO is a web-based tool intended to be used to preventively reduce risks to human health and the environment from chemicals. The aim of PRIO is to facilitate in the assessment of health and environmental risks of chemicals so that people who work as environmental managers, purchasers and product developers can identify the need for risk reduction. To achieve this PRIO provides a guide for decision-making that can be used in setting risk reduction priorities. 

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