Plant, acidity tolerance

The solubilized aluminium is the main toxic agent to plants in acidic soils, and acid tolerant (calcifuge) plants are usually also aluminium tolerant. The ECEC method determines the levels of AP+, H+, Ca + and Mg + extracted by 1 M potassium chloride and is described in Method 5.2. 

Plants. In tolerant plants, readily metabolized to hydroxyatrazine and amino acid conjugates, with further decomposition of hydroxyatrazine by degradation of side-chains and hydrolysis of resulting amino acids on the ring together with evolution of C02... 

Dills and Menusan (1935) found that the fatty acids most toxic to insects caused the greatest plant injury (Table K( )). In the case of the potassium soaps, toxicity to plants and insects was not correlated. Plant injury decreases as the size of the soap molecule increases. Ginsburg and K t (1937) pointed out that not all plants can tolerate the concentrations of soap necessary to kill some insects (4). 

Lime deficiency is characteristic of most sphagnum and woody peats. As already stated, the pH of these peats commonly lies between 3.0 and 5.0, which is in a region too low for the growth of all but the most acid-tolerant plants. Cultivated crops prefer a pH between 5.0 and 7.0. There is some uncertainty as to whether a very low acidity inhibits directly, or whether poor growth results primarily from lack of the proper nutrients, especially calcium (lime). Undoubtedly, both pH and nutrient deficiencies are important, but pH as such seems to play a secondary role. More important is likely to be lack of... 

Sulfides are produced as a result of sulfate reduction and dissimilation of sulfur-containing amino acids (see Chapter 11 on sulfur). Sulfide has been implicated as one of the key regulators of plant growth in coastal marshes, especially in soil with low mineral matter (such as organic soils) (DeLaune et al., 1983). Oxidation of sulfides in the rhizosphere has been considered as the major mechanism allowing plants to tolerate relatively high levels of sulfides. At sulfide concentrations of... 

Pal, S.S., 1998. Interactions of an acid tolerant strain of phosphate solubilizing bacteria with a few acid tolerant crops. Plant Soil 198, 169-177. 

Sethoxydim (IpM) inhibited the biosynthesis of fatty acids in isolated oat chloroplasts (measured via [14C]acetate incorporation into the total fatty acid fraction) to ca. 60 %, whereas in the isolated chloroplasts of the dicotyledonous pea plants their synthesis was not affected by sethoxydim. About 50 % inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by IpM sethoxydim was detected in experiments with chloroplasts isolated from Poa pratensis, a herbicide-sensitive grass. In chloroplasts isolated from Poa annua, which as a whole plant is tolerant against sethoxydim [7], fatty acid biosynthesis was also blocked (to ca. 45 %) by IpM sethoxydim (Fig. 2). This indicates a basic difference in the mechanism of tolerance for Pisum sativum and Poa annua, respectively. In Poa annua, the tolerance is apparently based on... 

AutOcircuUttion LO-CAT Process. In 1983, ARI Technologies introduced a simplified LO-CAT design for the treatment of amine plant acid off-gases. The new configuration combined the absorber and the oxidizer in a single vessel. This design was tailored to applications that required very low iron concentrations (250-500 ppmw) and tolerated contamination of the treated gas with air. 

Cavalcante VA, Dobeieiner J (1988) A new acid-tolerant nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with sugarcane. Plant Soil 108 23—31... 

Chloride. Chloride is known to significantly increase the rate of corrosion in acidic fluoride media. The level of chloride that can be tolerated in the HF process before corrosion hinders plant operation is quite low. 

Metal template reactions, 1, 416, 433 equilibrium kinetic, 1, 434 thermodynamic, 1, 434 Metal tolerance amino acid complexes, 2, 964 plants, 2, 963 Metal toxicity... 

Reaney, M.J.T. Gusta, L.V. (1987). Factors influencing the induction of freezing tolerance by abscisic acid in cell suspension cultures of Bromus inermis Leyss and Medicago sativa L. Plant Physiology, 83, 423-7. 

E. P. Delhaize, P. R. Ryan, and P. J. Randall, Aluminium tolerance in wheat Triti-cum aestirum L.). II. Aluminium-stimulated excretion of malic acid from root apices. Plant Physiol. 103 695 (1993). 

Despite increased citrate accumulation in roots of Zn-deficient rice plants, root exudation of citrate was not enhanced. However, in distinct adapted rice cultivars, enhanced release of citrate could be observed in the presence of high bicarbonate concentrations in the rooting medium, a stress factor, which is frequently associated with Fe and Zn deficiency in calcareous soils (235) (Hajibo-huid, unpublished). This bicarbonate-induced citrate exudation has been related to improved Zn acquisition in bicarbonate-tolerant and Zn-efficient rice genotypes (Fig. 9) (23S). Increased exudation of sugars, amino acids, and phenolic compounds in response to Zn deficiency has been reported for various dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species and seems to be related to increased... 

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