Tokamaks

Togaviridae Toilet bowls Toilet preparations Toiletries Toiletry products Tokamaks Tokamax Tolazamide... 

Some of the tokamaks in operation around the wodd, on which the data in Table 1 were obtained are... 

Tokamak Fontenay-aux-Roses Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor... 

Additionally, two other reactors, the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) for which the location is under negotiation, and the Tokamak Physics Experiment at PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey, are proposed. The most impressive advances have been obtained on the three biggest tokamaks, TETR, JET, andJT-60, which are located in the United States, Europe, and Japan, respectively. As of this writing fusion energy development in the United States is dependent on federal binding (10—12). 

As discussed in the introduction, disruptions cause the most severe thermomechanical loading experienced in a tokamak. In each of the 500 or so disruptions expected in ITER, approximately 10-20 MJ/m will be deposited onto the first wall in 0.01 to 3 seconds. Such a disruption will cause very high thermal stresses and significant material erosion (Section 4). As these events are transient in nature, the ability of the PFC to withstand the disruption depends on the material s ability to both conduct and to absorb the deposited heat, before reaching a temperature or stress limit. For comparative purposes, a disruption figure of merit takes this into account ... 

Roth, E.P., Watson, R.D., Moss, M. and Drotning, W.D., Thermophysical properties of advanced carbon materials for tokamak limiters, Sandia Report No. SAND 88-2057, UC-423, 1989. 

Schematic representation of the magnetic structure of the Tokamak magnetic confinement device. The lines on the shells represent the direction of the total magnetic field, most of which comes from external coils. The portion that gives the twist, however, comes from current inside the hot plasma itself. The twisting is necessary for stable confinement.

Ring-shaped nuclear fusion research reactor Tokamak 15 at the Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia. (Photo Researohers Ino.)... 

Also in 1950 Sakliarov and Tamm proposed an idea for a controlled thermonuclear fusion reactor, the TOKAMAK (acronym for the Russian phrase for toroidal chamber with magnetic coiF ), which achieved the highest ratio of output power to input power of any fusion device of the twentieth centuiy. This reactor grew out of interest in a controlled nuclear fusion reaction, since 1950. Sakharov first considered electrostatic confinement, but soon came to the idea of magnetic confinement. Tamm joined the effort with his work on particle motion in a magnetic field, including cyclotron motion, drifts, and magnetic surfaces. Sakharov and Tamm realized that... 

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratoi y produces fusion. 

A version of a fusion reactor that has been the subject of intense development efforts is the tokamak, whose design and an experimental prototype are shown here. 

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