Tobacco passive smoking

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) mixture of smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar and smoke exhaled by the smoker (also secondhand smoke or passive smoking). 

Passive smoking Non-smokers who breathe air polluted by tobacco smoke can... 

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates that 3,000 lung cancer deaths and as many as 40,000 cardiac deaths per year among adult nonsmokers in the United States can be attributed to passive smoke or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). 

The smoke from smoldering tobacco together with exhaled smoke are called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), second-hand smoke, or passive smoke. ETS is... 

Noninvasive validation of tobacco smoking behavior is necessary for large population health studies. Moreover, a main problem in the risk assessment of passive smoking is the lack of a suitable methodology for the quantification of exposure. Measurements of nicotine in hair could prove to be a reliable marker for passive exposure. Several reports have presented data on nicotine in hair. ° Some have included the monitoring of cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine. 

Nicotine s Dependence Liability Effects of Chronic Tobacco Use Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Diseases Linked to Cigarette Smoking Other Tobacco Products and Health Passive Smoking... 

United States Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking (also known as exposure to secondhand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke ETS), EPA document number EPA/600/6-90/006F, 1992, http //cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm deid=2835... 

Adams, J.D. and K.D. Brannemann Analysis of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in sidestream tobacco smoke in Environmental carcinogens. 9. Passive smoking, edited by I.K. O NeiU, K.D. Brannemann, B. Dodet, and D. Hoffmann, lARC, Lyon, Prance, lARC Sci. Publ. No. 81 (1988) 231-238. 

Haley Indoor pollution by tobacco smoke Model studies on the uptake by nonsmokers im Indoor air, radon, passive smoking, particulates, and housing epidemiology Proc. 3rd Internal. Conf. Indoor Air Quality and Climate, Stockholm, Sweden, Vol. 2 (1984) 313-318. 

Passive smoking (also known as secondhand smoke, or ETS) has been shown to produce the same health effects on those exposed to it as to actual smokers, albeit to a lesser degree [46, 47]. ETS is responsible for approximately 3(XK) lung cancer deaths in the United States annually [48], increases the risk of stroke [49], risk of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases [50, 51], and impacts respiratory health in those exposed [52]. The cardiovascular effect of secondhand tobacco smoke is illustrated by the drastic reduction of acute myocardial infarctions (heart attacks) noted in Helena, Montana when public smoking was banned [53]. This is discussed more thoroughly in Section 29.4. 

---