Tissues, drug analysis

A modification of the forcing function approach makes use of linear systems analysis for individual tissue compartments [59], Parametric or nonparamet-ric functions are fitted to observed blood drug concentration-time data and are then combined with tissue drug concentration-time measurements deconvolved... 

Forensic toxicologists are generally employed by federal, state, and local government crime laboratories, which may be affiliated with the medical examiner s office from which they receive fluids and tissues for analysis. They often work on criminal cases and usually testify for the office of the district attorney, the prosecutor. Forensic toxicologists may also be involved in drug testing in... 

The method s superb abilityto liquidise solidtissue can be used for many purposes apart from drug analysis. The recovery of shot-gun pellets and small bomb fragments in body tissues is one such application. The preparation of solutions for direct aspiration into atomic absorption inshuments for the detection of some metals has been studied. Its use for the detection of toxic anions and some pesticides also seems feasible. 

Drug Analysis in Human/Animai Tissues and Fiuids... 

Zhang, J. and Cashman, J. R. (2006) Quantitative analysis of FMO gene mRNA levels in human tissues. Drug Metab. Dispos. 34 (1), 19-26. 

Extraction techniques—in particular, liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction—are used in toxicological analysis and some drug analysis prior to chromatographic analysis. The process of extraction is used to extract organic substances, such as drugs, directly from body fluids and tissues. The two main types of extraction used in these types of analyses are liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction. 

Drug analysis encompasses tests on raw materials (purity criteria), pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations, and a number of other, more complex matrices such as foods of animal origin, drinks, and foodstuffs that are conducted for clinical, forensic, or veterinary purposes involving a variety of matrices including blood, urine, and tissues. Pharmaceutical analysis is restricted to drug analyses in raw materials and pharmaceutical formulations in some instances, it also includes clinical analyses. Pharmaceutical analyses involve the determination of not only active components but also impurities, excipients, the stability of active components (and their degradation intermediates or end-products), and other parameters such as content uniformity, solubility, and dissolution rate. 

---