Tissue culture embryo

Semliki Forest arborvirus was grown in chick embryo tissue culture. The infectious tissue culture liquid was decanted and diluted with medium 199 to give a preparation containing between 10 and 10 mouse IDso virus/ml. 

Initially, the cytotoxicity against chick embryo fibroblasts of BPA, tyrosine, tyrosine dipeptide, and the dipeptide derivatives used in the synthesis of the polymers shown in Fig. 7 were evaluated in a comparative experiment (43). The surface of standard tissue culture wells was coated with 5 mg of each test substance. Then the adhesion and proliferation of the fibroblasts was followed over a 7-day period. Among all test substances, BPA was clearly the most cytotoxic material. Monomeric tyrosine derivatives containing the ben-zyloxycarbonyl group were also cytotoxic, while tyrosine itself, tyrosine dipeptide, and most of the protected dipeptide derivatives did not noticeably interfere with cell growth and adhesion and were therefore classified on a preliminary basis as possibly "nontoxic."... 

Rubella vaccine Duck embryo tissue culture, human tissue culture... 

The amount of infectious virus in lungs was defined by titration of 10% homogenates in tissue cultures of chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of 11-13-days-old chicken embryos. TID50 was calculated by the modified Kerber s method using the formula mentioned above. 

A wide range of in vitro systems, ranging from whole embryo culture through organ and tissue culture to a variety of nonmammalian systems, has also been developed for the study of developmental toxicity. In vitro tests are useful in investigation of mechanisms of normal and abnormal... 

If dechorionated embryos are cultured, some background reduction in viability and dysmorphology may be avoided by using multiwall plates that are not tissue culture treated. Tissue culture treated plates are designed to promote cell adhesion in cell culture, but this may cause the early stage zebrafish embryo to adhere to the plate with detrimental consequences. 

Manipulation of mouse teratoma cells. The cells from a teratocarcinoma may be dispersed and grown in tissue culture. These cells can be injected into an embryo (a), in which case the resulting animal is a chimera in which some cells come from the original parents and others arise from the cells injected into the blastocyst. 

Hansen, E.F. (1 976) A cell line from embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata (Pulmonata) establishment and characteristics. In Maramorsch, K. (ed.) Invertebrate Tissue Culture. Academic Press, New York, pp. 75-99. 

It is speculated that this mass substitutes for the suspensor, an organ that normally aids in feeding developing embryos in plants. Recalcitrant soybean and cereal tissue culture systems are currently being investigated for evidence that these kinds of proregenerative cell masses are formed (4). 

Rabies vaccine was for a long time prepared from infected brain tissue, and neurological complications were likely to occur in as many as one in 300 cases. A second-generation vaccine prepared from duck embryo tissue has been found to be better tolerated in this respect, and third-generation vaccines prepared in non-neural tissue cultures or in human diploid cell (HDC) vaccines with a progressive improvement in safety have now become the vaccines of choice where they are available. 

Many researchers have so far investigated tissue culture of P. somniferum [131, ref. cited therein], and most cultured P. somniferum cells, either as callus or cell suspensions, readily produced sanguinarine and its analogs [130-137], but rarely, if even, produce morphinan alkaloids [138]. Kamo et al. [139], Schuchmann and Wellmann [134], and Yoshikawa and Furuya [140] reported the production of morphinan alkaloids in redifferentiated organs, either shoots or somatic embryos, and their results emphasize the importance of the degree of cell differentiation for the biosynthesis of morphinan alkaloids. 

Analysis of waters for viruses is more difficult because of their small size, about 10 to 300 nm average diameter. Also, viruses need susceptible living cells such as chick embryos or tissue cultures for cultivation and identification in the laboratory, which make them more difficult to work with. Nevertheless, viruses represent an important microbiological class for water and wastewater-monitoring programs since serious waterborne diseases such as polio and hepatitis are transmitted in this way. 

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