Experience identity

When we begin to stretch a semicrystalline polymer it deforms affinely, that is, each element of the sample within the gauge region experiences identical stress and strain. As we continue to stretch the sample, we reach a point at which affine deformation ceases and the sample yields. At this point, it typically develops a local region of reduced cross-sectional area, known... 

Early on, attempts to deal with these broad lines focussed on the use of heteronuclei as the probes of choices. Carbon-13, in particular, was used in gel samples prepared in standard NMR tubes and observed in experiments identical to those applied to solution samples.21 Other heteronuclei, such as 31P22 and 19F,23 have been used because of their favourable relaxation characteristics and dilute nature in the samples investigated. This approach suffers from the increased experiment time compared to H NMR, and from the sometimes sparse nature of the information available from dilute sites within the samples. 

Periodic experiment Identical with final condition... 

McGown and co-workers have recently described a new instrumental approach for FDCD measurements that is capable of individually resolving multiple chiral fluorophores in complex mixtures [31-33]. As has been pointed out [31], CD measurements, and consequently FDCD measurements provide information about the average chiral characteristics of the sample under study. By introducing lifetime resolution into the FDCD experiment, identical fluorophores residing in different chemical environments can be resolved by measuring the differences in their excited state lifetimes. As has been demonstrated, lifetime analysis is a very powerful tool for probing complex systems and the chemical characteristics which one can differentiate by such an approach can be extremely subtle. 

The volume decreases but to a smaller (absolutely and proportionately) than the electropositive hydrogen of the dihydrogen bond. The two hydrogen atoms experience identical or similar change... 

The requirement for nuclei to experience identical local fields during the mixing time for transfer to occur between them is also referred to as the Hartmann-Hahn match. More formally and more generally, this may be... 

The larger linewidths observed for the alkali metal forms of Nafion relative to the corresponding model electrolytes indicate that ionic mobility is restricted because of ion binding to the polymer in the aqueous regions. Without additional studies it is not possible to obtain an estimate of relative binding strength from the data in Table VI. However, experiments identical to those for 23Na are possible in order to probe the hydration properties of these other ions in Nafion. 

In reality it is not entirely true, that particles characterized by identical (pd ) experience identical displacement due to the action of mechanical forces. The displacement is influenced by interactions between a particle and the gas molecules surrounding it. The so-called slip correction accounts for these interactions. If a particle is smaller than the mean free path of the gas molecules this correction is substantial. It decreases, however, for increasing particle size and becomes negligible far particles much larger than the mean free path of the gas molecules. In consequence, no correction has to be applied for estimating the transport of particles larger than 1 jm in diameter. 

All experiments were started from 5-pg testis total RNA and 5-pg lung total RNA per sample. This was first amplified by T7 in vitro transcription, and 5-pg aRNA was used for every labeling reaction. After labeling with Cy3/Cy5 dye, both samples were mixed, and for every experiment, identical amounts of sample, i.e., 5-, 20- or 40-pmol Cy3/Cy5 dye, were applied. The cDNA was further dissolved in a solution containing 50 % formamide, 25 % buffer, 15 % Mouse COT, and 7.5 % polydT35. This cDNA mixmre was then respectively denamred at 96 for 3 min, set on ice for 2 min, heated to 42 for 5 min, centrifuged at m = 12,000 rpm for another 5 min, and subsequently held on ice before applying it on the microarray slide. 

Figure 7 shows images of experiments identical to the ones from Table 1. It was clear from these images that the overall intensity of the spots was much greater for the SDH system than for the coverslip and SlidePro hybridization. For this series (Fig. 7a) of experiments, the SlidePro hybridization was conducted with a total amount of 40-pmol-incorporated Cy3/Cy5 dyes, while the SDH and coverslip hybridizations were performed with only 20-pmol-incorporated Cy3/Cy5 dyes. It is even possible to drop the concentration even further to 5-pmol-incorporated Cy3/Cy5 dyes in the sample (Fig. 7b) and still be able to get good results with the SDH system, compared to SlidePro, where almost no hybridization occurred. 

An important issue is the influence of an electrochemical environment on the cyclic deformation behavior of metals [74,33-35]. As illustrated by the data in Fig. 1 for a carbon-manganese steel in high-temperature water, environment does not typically affect the relationship between stresses and strains derived from the maximum tensile (or compressive) points of steady-state (saturation) hysteresis loops [36]. Such loops should relate to elastic and plastic deformation prior to substantial CF microcracking. CF data of the sort shown in Fig, 1 are produced by either stress or total strain controlled uniaxial fatigue experiments, identical to the methods... 

An unusual feature of C Ti values in cir-polybuta-1,4-diene is that the ratio of methine to methylene is 1.4, much less than the value 2 expected if the CH and CHj experience identical motions. Gronski has explained this discrepancy in terms of specific conformational jumps involving transitions between skewed conformations of allylic C—C bonds. 

The number of resultant colonies is dependent on the number of cells electroporated, the amount of DNA used and the type of targeting strategy employed. Most of the selection vectors we use are devoid of polyadenylation signals and yield 100-300 colonies per experiment Identical constructs bearing polyadenylation signals typically yield 5-10 times more colonies. The promoter used to drive positive selectable markers can also affect the electroporation efficiency we use the PGK promoter, which routinely yields 2-5 times more colonies than comparable vectors driven by SV40 enhancer sequences... 

Using butyl acetate as solvent, an experiment identical to that with toluene was performed. Figure 18(b) shows the results for a varied concentration of polystyrene in butyl acetate. Again, all droplets revealed a strong coffee drop effert, similar to the polystyrene/toluene experiments. It can be seen in Figure 18(b) that both the 1 and 2 wt.% show a linear deaease in the droplet diameter as height increase (R = 0.76 and 0.91, respectively), which is similar to the 1 wt.% polystyrene/toluene mixture. However, at a concentration of 5 wt.%, a... 

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