Time benchmarks

Create stability and minimize variance Eliminate complexity and reduce processing time Benchmark current performance Focus attention on quality... 

Kinetics rate constant/reaction time - benchmarking with batch processing... 

The last marketing-mix variable is productivity and quality. One issue here is creating efficiency in pharmacy service activities. This means that monitoring and feedback of service encounters should be performed. Then pharmacists can be trained to be efficient in the time spent with patients when providing services. Time benchmarks can be established for various service offerings. Nonpharmacist personnel should be used where appropriate, such as in scheduling appointments and billing payers. 

Fig. 3. Average computation time for one step using EGO.VIII on a DEC-Alpha 3300L workstation (175 MHz) for simulation systems of varying size. The insets show some of the protein-water systems used for the benchmark simulations.

Whether you use an audit, a survey, or a combination of both, remember that your results provide a picture of your PSM activities as of a fixed point in time. This creates a useful point of departure for detailed planning, pointing the way toward implementation and establishing a benchmark for future measurement. 

The descriptions of the first isolation and first weighing of plutonium that appeared in Metallurgical Laboratory Reports at that time have been reproduced in a Benchmark Book of reprints (Seaborg, 1978). 

Once a fitted model is refined to the point where the corresponding figure of merit is smaller than the benchmark (Table 1.26), introducing further parameters or higher dimensions is (usually) a waste of time and only nourishes the illusion of having enhanced precision. 

The counterflow configuration has been extensively utilized to provide benchmark experimental data for the study of stretched flame phenomena and the modeling of turbulent flames through the concept of laminar flamelets. Global flame properties of a fuel/oxidizer mixture obtained using this configuration, such as laminar flame speed and extinction stretch rate, have also been widely used as target responses for the development, validation, and optimization of a detailed reaction mechanism. In particular, extinction stretch rate represents a kinetics-affected phenomenon and characterizes the interaction between a characteristic flame time and a characteristic flow time. Furthermore, the study of extinction phenomena is of fundamental and practical importance in the field of combustion, and is closely related to the areas of safety, fire suppression, and control of combustion processes. 

Performance. The total time for 500 steps of dynamics and 25 nonbond updates for the standard CHARMM benchmark (Brunger, A. T., Harvard University, personal communication, 1985.), a B-DNA eleven-mer duplex with 706 atoms and a 11.5 angstrom nonbond cutoff (77000 nonbond pairs) is found in Table II. 

Quantum mechanical effects—tunneling and interference, resonances, and electronic nonadiabaticity— play important roles in many chemical reactions. Rigorous quantum dynamics studies, that is, numerically accurate solutions of either the time-independent or time-dependent Schrodinger equations, provide the most correct and detailed description of a chemical reaction. While hmited to relatively small numbers of atoms by the standards of ordinary chemistry, numerically accurate quantum dynamics provides not only detailed insight into the nature of specific reactions, but benchmark results on which to base more approximate approaches, such as transition state theory and quasiclassical trajectories, which can be applied to larger systems. 

OS 31] ]R 16a] ]P 23] For benzene nitration, the results achieved in the capillary-flow micro reactor were benchmarked against results claimed in the patent literature (see Table 4.2) [97]. An analysis of conversion, by-product level, reaction time and reaction rate showed that the results achieved in micro reactors and conventional equipment are competitive, i.e. were similar. As tendencies, it seemed that the micro reactor can lead to a lower by-product level owing to its better temperature guiding and that reaction times can be further shortened. However, the corresponding results are not absolutely comparable in terms of reaction conditions and hence further data are required here. 

Benchmarking to long-time small vial and short-time mini batch processing... 

Simultaneous residence time and temperature variation - benchmarking to industrial process... 

Time demand for a test - benchmarking to mini batch... 

Development of om models and screening methods is ongoing, and, in order to further develop and benchmark this method, we will rely on well-defined and well-characterized experiments, varying one parameter at the time. Our hope is that our simulations, in turn, wUl provide new insight and thereby give inspiration to new experiments. 

After the discovery of the combined charge and space symmetry violation, or CP violation, in the decay of neutral mesons [2], the search for the EDMs of elementary particles has become one of the fundamental problems in physics. A permanent EDM is induced by the super-weak interactions that violate both space inversion symmetry and time reversal invariance [11], Considerable experimental efforts have been invested in probing for atomic EDMs (da) induced by EDMs of the proton, neutron, and electron, and by the P,T-odd interactions between them. The best available limit for the electron EDM, de, was obtained from atomic T1 experiments [12], which established an upper limit of de < 1.6 x 10 27e-cm. The benchmark upper limit on a nuclear EDM is obtained from the atomic EDM experiment on Iyt,Hg [13] as d ig < 2.1 x 10 2 e-cm, from which the best restriction on the proton EDM, dp < 5.4 x 10 24e-cm, was also obtained by Dmitriev and Senkov [14]. The previous upper limit on the proton EDM was estimated from the molecular T1F experiments by Hinds and co-workers [15]. 

An overview of the time-dependent wavepacket propagation approach for four-atom reactions together with the construction of ab initio potential energy surfaces sufficiently accurate for quantum dynamics calculations has been presented. Today, we are able to perform the full-dimensional (six degrees-of-freedom) quantum dynamics calculations for four-atom reactions. With the most accurate YZCL2 surface for the benchmark four-atom reaction H2 + OH <-> H+H2O and its isotopic analogs, we were able to show the following ... 

The structure elucidation of the kinamycins was a formidable challenge, and the information presented below draws from the work of several research groups over a period of more than 20 years. As will be shown, the originally proposed structure of the kinamycins contained a cyanamide rather than a diazo function. Subsequent synthetic and biosynthetic studies led to replacement of the cyanamide with a diazo function. The structural elucidation was challenging, in part, because of the high degree of unsaturation of the kinamycins, which limits the utility of H and 2D NMR analysis. In addition, because these structures were unprecedented, there were no clear benchmarks for comparison at the time. The pathway from isolation to determination of the correct structure is described below. 

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