Tidal estuary

Jassby AD, Cloem JE, Cole BE (2002) Annual primary production patterns and mechanisms of change in a nutrient-rich tidal estuary. Limnol Oceanogr 47 698-712... 

Estimated Effective 241 Am Dose from Food Raised on Land Impacted by Tidal Estuaries along... 

With regards to solid phase, most of the estuaries are characterized by a "turbidity maximum". The fresh water flow generates an entrainment from the bottom water, the sea water which is entrained from the lower layer by this flow being compensated by a residual landward flow along the bottom. The river-borne particles which settle in this bottom layer are taken up by the residual landward current and trapped in the middle part of the estuary. This process greatly enhances the residence time of particles, especially in tidal estuaries. 

Cole, J. J., N. F. Caraco, and B. L. Peierls. 1992. Can phytoplankton maintain a positive carbon balance in a turbid, freshwater, tidal estuary Limnology and Oceanography 37 1608-1617. 

Middleburg, J. J., and J. Nieuwenhuize. 2000a. Uptake of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in turbid tidal estuaries. Marine Ecology Progress Series 192 79—88. 

Figure 5.6 Biogeochemical processes affecting their flux rates across the air-water interface of the four biogases (N2O, O2, CO2, NH3) analyzed in a full transient, one-dimensional reactive transport CONTRASTE model (Coupled, networked, transport-reaction algorithm for strong tidal estuaries) for the Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands) (Modified from Vanderborght et al., 2002.)...

Tomales Bay (California, USA) European tidal estuaries Randers Fjord estuary (Denmark) Estuarine plumes... 

Abril, G, and Iverson, N. (2002) Methane dynamics in a shallow, non-tidal, estuary (Randers Fjord, Denmark). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 230, 171-181. 

Gofii, M.A., and Thomas, K.A. (2000) Sources and transformations of organic matter in surface soils and sediments from a tidal estuary (North Inlet, South Carolina, U.S.A). Estuaries 23, 548-564. 

Middelburg, J.J., and Nieuwenhuize, J. (2001) Nitrogen isotope tracing of dissolved inorganic nitrogen behavior in tidal estuaries. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 53, 385-391. 

Peters, H. (2003) Broadly distributed and locally enhanced turbulent mixing in a tidal estuary. J. Phys. Oceanog. 33, 1967-1977. 

Rasmussen, B., and Josefson, A.B. (2002) Consistent estimates for the residence time of micro-tidal estuaries. Estuar. Coastal Shelf Sci. 54, 65-73. 

Regnier, P., Mouchet, A., Wollast, R., and Ronday, F. (1998) A discussion of methods for estimating residual fluxes in strong tidal estuaries. Cont. Shelf Res. 18, 1543-1571. 

Zappa, C J., Raymond, P.A., Terray, E.A., and McGillis, W.R. (2003) Variation in surface turbulence and the gas transfer velocity over a tidal cycle in a macro-tidal estuary. Estuaries 26, 1401-1415. 

Andersson, M. G. I., Brion, N., and Middelburg, J. J. (2006). Comparison of nitrifier activity versus growth n the Scheldt estuary — A turbid, tidal estuary in northern Europe. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 42, 149-158. 

Middelburg J. J., Nieuwenhuize J., Iversen N., Hogh N., De Wilde H., Helder W., Seifert R., and Christof O. (2002) Methane distribution in European tidal estuaries. Biogeochemistry 59, 95-119. 

Coquery M., Cossa D., and Sanjuan J. (1997) Speciation and sorption of mercury in two macro-tidal estuaries. Mar. Chem. 58, 213-227. 

In addition to the conceptual model which isolates the major interacting systems, a further idealization is required which sets the lower and upper limits of the temporal and spatial scales being considered. Within the context of the problem of eutrophication and its control, the seasonal distribution of the phytoplankton is of major importance, so that the lower limit of the temporal scale is on the order of days. The spatial scale is set by the hydrodynamics of the water body being considered. For example, in a tidal estuary, the spatial scale is on the order of miles whereas in a small lake it is likely a good deal smaller. The upper limits for the temporal and spatial extent of the model are dictated primarily by practical considerations such as the length of time for which adequate information is available and the size of the computer being used for the calculations. 

Gunnerson, C.G. 1966. Optimizing the sampling interval in tidal estuaries. J. Sanit. Eng. 92 103-125. Harleman, D.R.F., E.R. Holley, and W,C. Huber. 1966. Interpretation of water pollution data from tidal estuary models, p. 1-11. In Paper no. 3, Sect. III. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Water Pollut. Res., Munich. September. Pergamon Press. 

Sawhney, B. L., and Frink, C. R. (1979). Clay minerals as indicators of sediment source in tidal estuaries of Long Island Sound. Clays, Clay Miner, (in press). 

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