Sediment sources

Evers EHG, HJC Klamer, RWPM Laane, HAJ Covers (1993) Polychlorinated dibenzo- -dioxin and dibenzo-furan residues in estuarine and coastal North Sea sediments Sources and distribution. Environ Toxicol Chem 12 1583-1598. 

Odin, M., F. Ribeyre, and A. Boudou. 1996. Temperature and pH effects on cadmium and methylmercury bioaccumulation by nymphs of the burrowing mayfly Hexagenia rigida, from water column or sediment source. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 31 339-349. 

Gendusa, T.C., T.L. Beitinger, and J.H. Rodgers. 1993. Toxicity of hexavalent chromium from aqueous and sediment sources to Pimephales promelas and Ictalurus punctatus. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 50 144-151. 

Clark, J.R., J.M. Patrick, Jr., J.C. Moore, and E.M. Lores. 1987. Waterborne and sediment-source toxicities of six organic chemicals to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and amphioxus (Branchiostoma carib-aeum). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 401-407. 

This east-west difference reflects dominance in sediment source in the eastern valley by material derived from glacial debris and placer mining, and the presence of ultramafic rocks in the headwaters of western streams and ultramafic constituents in sediments on the west side of the valley. 

Grain-size distribution in common marine sediments and in various sediment sources. Source From Gross, M. G. (1987). Oceanography A View of the Earth, 4th ed. Prentice Haii, inc., p. 81. 

The classification of the components of marine sediments. Source From Goidberg, E. D. (1964). Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 27, 7-19. 

Distribution of kaoiinite (as a peroentage of the four major clay minerals) in the < 2 jxm nonoarbonate fraction of deep-sea sediments. Source From Griffin, J. J., et al. (1968). Deep-Sea Research, 15, 433-459. 

Carbonate and opal-free weight percent of quartz in marine sediments. Source-. From Leinen, M.,... 

Schematic longitudinal profile through a semi-isolated basin located in a hot, arid climate and separated from the open sea by a narrow portal. The sill depth, although shallow, is still great enough to permit some two-way flow of surface water. The lines show inferred seawater density (g/cm ) and the arrows show current directions. The pattern of evaporite deposition is based on the relationships between brine density and precipitate composition as shown in Figure 17.1, assuming that salt particles accumulate on the seafloor through the process of pelagic sedimentation. Source-. From Scruton, P. C. (1953). American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 37, 2498-2512.

Latitudinal distribution of the world s modern evaporitic sediments as a percentage of total sediment. Source-. From Warren, J. K. (1989). Evaporite Sedimentology, Prentice Flail, Inc., p. 15. 

Geographic distribution of giauconite in marine sediments. Source Gaiiiher, E. W. (1935). Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 19, 1569-1601. 

Distribution of deep-sea sediments. Source-. From Davies, T. A., and D. S. Gorsline (1976). Chemical Oceanography, Vol. 5, Academic Press, pp. 1-80. 

A conceptual model of sedimentary nitrogen cycling. Dashed arrows represent pore water diffusion and advection. Dotted arrows represent sedimentation. Source-. After Burdige, D.J. (2006). Geochemistry of Marine Sediments. Princeton University Press, p. 453. 

Fig. 3.5. S180 vs. 87Sr/86Sr (A) and Nb/Zr (B) diagrams for IAP rocks. Curved full lines are calculated mixing trends between Roman ultrapotassic magma and limestone (i.e. magma contamination trend). Dashed line is a mixing trend between mantle and marly sediments (source contamination). Numbers along lines indicate amounts of sediments involved in the mixing.

Concentrations near historical sources or in-place sediment sources are more elevated than open waters. These include most of the major harbours, and in particular Saginaw Bay in Lake Huron, Green Bay in Lake Michigan, Waukegan Harbour in Lake Michigan and Hamilton Harbour in Lake Ontario. Concentrations in these areas can be in the range of 2(C50ng 1 h... 

Three channels from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana, to the Gulf of Mexico were studied as sample (oysters, clams, and sediments) sources to determine trace element (Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, and Zn) uptake only T1 was not detected in the tissue and it was minimally present in the three sediments [38]. Oysters in the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal contained high concentrations of Zn, whereas clams from the other two channels (i.e., the Rigolets and the Chef Menteur Pass) contained high levels of Cu. Sediment metal concentrations were reflected in the tissue levels. 

The best way not to experience a hazard is to avoid it. It would seem that a discriminating house builder would avoid building near specific hazards, critical habitats, or sediment sources. Often people take chances in order to gain a better view and be closer to the action. But if the disincentive is a lack of insurance coverage, they may be persuaded to follow a more cautious plan. 

Krinsley D., Biscaye P. E., and Turekian K. K. (1973) Argentine Basin sediment sources as indicated by quartz surface textures. J. Sedim. Petrol. 43, 251-257. 

In the Pacific, the mechanism through which seawater obtains its high neodymium-isotope ratios is not well identified. The source is clearly not from the surrounding continental masses. The major Pacific sediment sources from the surrounding... 

Strontium-isotope ratios are not particularly diagnostic of source terrain ages because Rb/Sr ratios are easily disturbed. However, Sm/Nd ratios tend to be conservative and neodymium-isotope ratios are effective tracers of the mean cmstal age of sediment sources. Neodymium-isotope ratios of Heinrich layers HI, H2, H4, and H5 are consistent with derivation from a source with Archean heritage, and Grousset et al. (1993)... 

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