Through Viscoelastics

1986 Binder, Deg Kohl, 1987 Nevyas et aL, 1987). Both problems have been resolved by the manufacturer and not repeated since. 

Healon GV was associated with crystalline deposits on the lOL, which remained there for a temporary period of time, and the cause of which was not clarified by the authors (Jensen et al., 1994). These complications were not substantiated by any other authors. 

The suspicion that HPMC application in cataract surgery lead to long-lasting pupillary dilation (Eason 8c Seward, 1995) was not proven. A comparison between Healon and Ocucoat showed no difference in pupillary width and reactivity 6 months postoperatively. 

Unfortunately, contaminations occur throughout the history of viscoelastics (compare Table 3). Manufacturers are hopefully taking precautions to preclude future incidences of OVD contamination. 

Both laboratory and clinical examinations confirm that Healon , Viscoat and many other viscoelastics have no inflammatory effects when produced in the proper combinations. Specific tests (such as the owl monkey eye test) carried out prior to the release of a batch of hyaluronic acid confirm this finding in Healon , Healon 5 and Healon GV (see below). For HPMC products, implantation tests 

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Direct determination of relaxation time through viscoelastic studies (all mechanical properties involve this important parameter). 

Although we still need to explain the use of this theory, Eq. (3.98) shows that segmental friction factors are accessible through viscoelastic studies. This fact was anticipated in the list of f values given in Table 2.3. 

If one alleges that the main function of viscoelastics is to protect the endothelium, this would only then describe the above stated definition if the effect were achieved through metabolism. This is not the case even when considering endothelial protection through viscoelastics from the aspect of electrolyte-metabolism, if one considers electrolyte metabolism of endothelial cells to be included in the broader sense of metabolism. 

Energy loss through viscoelastic dissipation usually contributes to the fracture energy of an adhesive bond sometimes that contribution is dominant. Adhesives are often designed to operate in the regions where viscoelastic losses (tan 5) are high. Further discussion can be found under Adhesion - fundamental and practical. Peel tests and Tensile tests see also Creep and Durability creep rupture. 

Above the glass transition temperature, the crack propagation which culminates in rupture can be strongly influenced by relief of stress through viscoelastic relaxation, by crystallization at large extensions (as in natural rubber), by the presence of filler particles, and by mechanical hisotry in periodic stressing. > 3... 

Fazal A, Fancey KS. Performance enhancement of nylon/kevlar fiber composites through viscoelastically generated pre-stress. Polym Compos 2014 35 931-8. 

Hosten, B., 1991, Bulk heterogeneous plane-wave propagation through viscoelastic plates and stratified media with large values of frequency-domain. Ultrasonics, 29,445-450. 

Chemically different polymers are mostly immiscible and form multiphase stmetures in their blends. Rheological properties of such multiphase materials reflect responses from respective component chains as well as from the phase stmeture. The component chain response, which could be rheologically characterized with the methods explained in the previous section, is usually much faster than the response from the phase stmeture. This fact offers a possible route for rheological characterization of the multiphase stmeture through viscoelastic data of the materials at long times/low frequencies. This section focuses on this characterization. 

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