Thrombus Mural

Table 3). Mural thrombi may serve as a scaffold for subsequent cell proliferation and undergo organization. However, early thrombus formation alone is not responsible for the development of neointimal hyperplasia. As discussed earlier, controversial results on neointimal hyperplasia with thromboresistant stents have been reported. 

Some white cells and mural thrombus were also observed. It that there were no stent thromboses nor significant differ-... 

Stockmans F, Stassen JM, Vermylen J et al. (1997) A technique to investigate mural thrombus formation in arteries and veins II. Effects of aspirin, heparin, r-hirudin and G-4120. Ann Plastic Surg 38(1) 63—68... 

TsdK TB, Baumgartner HR Platelet adhesion and mural platelet thrombus fomatkm on aortic subendothdium of rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs corrdate negatively with the vascular PGI2 productiem. J Lab Clin Med 98 402-411,1981. 

Eroded plaque with mural thrombus Ruptured plaque with occlusive thrombus... 

Keeley FC and Hillis LD (1996) Left ventricular mural thrombus after acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol 19 83-86. 

In the prefibrinolytic era, antithrombins were principally administered to patients with STEMI to reduce the risks of pulmonary embolism, stroke, and reinfarction. The theoretical benefits of conjunctive use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) with a fibrinolytic include the possibility of augmentation of the initial lytic effect, reduction of the risk of reocclusion of an initially successfully reperfused infarct artery (with attendant risk of reinfarction), and reduction of the risk of early mural thrombus formation (28). Despite the logic of these arguments, clinical trials of conjunctive use of UFH with fibrinolytic therapy produced confusing results that continue to impact on clinical practice. Synthesis of a large body of information on studies with UFH leads to several conclusions ... 

Park, J.B. and Kim S.S. 1993. Prevention of mural thrombus in porous inner tube of double-layered tube by saline perfusion. Bio-Med. Mater. Eng., 3 101-116. 

Despite the efficacy of PTCA, this technique can induce the development of symptomatic re-occlusion (restenosis) caused by early elastic recoil, intimal hyperplasia, late constricting remodeling of the vessel [205], and formation of mural thrombus, in about 30%-50% of treated patients (Figure 15.18) [206], To overcome these problems, PTCA has... 

Manipulation of bulky devices in tortuous iliac arteries in the presence of atherosclerotic plaques or large amount of mural thrombus increases the risk of atherothrombotic embolization into the llA or lower extremity circulations. Atherothrombotic macro or micro-embolization into the IIA may cause serious complications such as bladder, buttock, or colon infarction (see Sect. 15.2.2). Care must be taken to minimize excessive manipulation during EVAR or coil embolization of the IIAs. 

By assessing the myocardium in patients with known history of coronary artery disease, subendocardial or trans-mural myocardial infarction scars may frequently be identified as hypodense areas. With further organization and healing of a sub-endocardial or trans-mural myocardial infarction, a thinning of the myocardial wall or myocardial aneurysm may take place. Due to myocardial dysfunction, or in atrial fibrillation, thrombus formation is likely to develop in the cardiac chambers and can be detected by CTA in the axial slices even more than by trans-thoracic ultrasound (Masuda et al. 1984). 

On the basis of their location and appearance inside the vascular system, different types of thrombi have been described. The mural thrombus sometimes covers a relatively large surface of the vascular and cardiac wall without altering the lumen or the cavity. Obliterating thrombi occlude the vascular lumen (see Fig. 7-7). Sometimes injuries of the endothelial surface of the valvular structure of the heart lead to the formation of thrombi that are called vegetations. A ball thrombus is a thrombus that comes loose from its mural or valvular attachments and bounces back and forth in the cardiac cavity with the rhythm of the heartbeat. 

In the outpatient, another CT scan was performed 2 months later. There was a mural thrombus on the posterior aortic wall contiguous to the proximal anastomosis. It was decided to continue medical therapy and surveillance. The patient continued to remain asymptomatic. 

US and Doppler techniques are accurate means to diagnose injuries to the femoral vessels in the groin. These usually occur as a result of iatrogenic procedures (arterial catheterization), but may also be involved in displaced fractures of the pubis and the femoral neck, crush injuries, blunt trauma and so forth. The most common site for arterial injuries is the common and proximal superficial femoral artery. The main complication is a pseudoaneurysm. Other less frequent complications include thrombosis, arteriovenous fistula, dissection, intimal flaps and perivascular hematoma. Pseudoaneurysms of the femoral artery follow a tear of the vessel wall followed by leakage of blood from the artery into the adjacent tissue and usually appear as pulsatile well-defined anechoic masses located closely to the artery (Fig. 12.41). Mural thrombus is often present and partially fills the pseudoaneurysm sac. Blood flow inside the pseudoaneurysm is typically swirling with alternating red and... 

Gradient echo techniques and phase velocity mapping are useful for demonstration and characterization of mural thrombus and for qualitative and quantitative assessment of aortic regurgitation associated with aneurysm of the ascending aorta. 

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