Thrombosis, protective effects

Allium chinense Max. A. odorum L. A. sativum L. A. tuberosum Roxb. A. uliginosum G. Don Da Suan (Garlic) (bulb) Allicin, allistatin, glucominol, neo-allicin, steroidal saponins, polysaccharides, furostanol saponins, proto-isoerubosides, diallyl sulfide.33 49 438 490-510 Antibacterial, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenesis, carminative, antiarrhythmic, lower plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, prevent thrombosis, hypotensive and vessel protective effect. 

TognoUni, M., V. Ballabeni, S. Bertoni, et al. 2007. Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis. Pharmacol. Res. 56(3) 254-260. 

Although no clear risk factors have been identified, several predictors of venous occlusion in PM/ICD carriers have been reported [55, 56, 59, 61]. These include a history of device upgrades, the presence of temporary endocardial PM wires before implantation of a permanent device, the presence of multiple endocardial leads, retention of severed leads, lead infection, use of dual-coil leads, female hormone therapy, history of venous thrombosis, and gene-based predisposing factors for thrombophilia. In contrast, long-term anticoagulation therapy seems to offer a protective effect. 

Certain structural indications of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis inhibition and hence potential therapeutic utility in arterial thrombosis prompted the synthesis of the pyridine prostanoid 544 (Scheme 165) (83TL3291). Brief metalation of 42 followed by DMF quench afforded aldehyde 541, which upon Homer-Emmons chain extension, reduction, and protection gave 542. Having served as a DMG, the bromo function was subjected to metal-halogen exchange, transmetalation (CuCN), and condensation with an iodo allene to furnish the 3,4-disubstituted pyridine 543. The latter was transformed into two derivatives 544 (with and without double bond), which were shown to be effective inhibitors of thromboxane A2. 

Consumption of fats containing n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids lowers plasma LDLs, but HDLs, which protect against coronary heart disease, are also lowered. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fats have little effect on plasma HDL or LDL levels, but they suppress cardiac arrhythmias and reduce serum triacylglycerols, decrease the tendency to thrombosis, and substantially reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. 

LNA was not recognized as an EFA until 1978 when Dyerberg suggested that the FFA found in food of marine origin might protect against thrombosis (Dyerberg et al., 1978). However, the conversion of 18 3, n-3 to EPA proceeds efhciently in the rat, but it is much less effective in humans. 

Use Like other coumarins as light- and sun-protection agent. Drugs to treat varicose veins, sports injuries, hemorrhoids, and thrombosis often contain horse chestnut extracts the vascular sealing effect is attributed not only to aesculetin but also to the saponin es-cin. Aesculin is used in UV filters. 

Besides lowering plasma lipids and the apparent protection in thrombosis, dietary supplements enriched in omega-3 fatty acids have proved to lower blood pressure, alter lipoprotein metabolism and dampen platelet aggregation among other beneficial effects in humans. The two components of fish oil attracting the most attention, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are still often referred to as omega-3, or n-3 fatty acids without any further distinction. Nearly all studies that have been conducted have used a mixture of EPA and DHA. It has, however, been reported that DHA are retroconverted to EPA in cultured hepatocytes," rat and man and it is, therefore, conceivable that EPA and DHA possess different metabolic properties. ... 

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