Thin coatings displays

The LB technique is amenable to the fabrication of ECDs as demonstrated by the report of a thin-film display based on bis(phthalocyaninato)praseodymium(III).75 The electrochromic electrode in the display was fabricated by deposition of multilayers (10-20 layers, r+00-200 A) of the complex onto ITO-coated glass (7 x4cm2) slides. The display exhibited blue-green-yellow-red polyelectrochromicity over a potential range of —2 to +2V. After 105 cycles no significant... 

Another approach is to use a thin quartz fiber, 5-20 fj. in diameter and about l cm long, covered with a thin coating of evaporated gold (48). The fiber is held rigidly at one end and rests between two parallel metal plates to which a dc potential is applied. When an audio frequency signal is applied to the fiber, it displays vibrating reed resonances whose frequency depends on the physical parameters of the fiber. If mass is added to the free end of the fiber, the resonant frequencies shift downward, being dependent on the amount of mass. 

When waterlogged wood is treated with PEG and stored or displayed in areas with high relative humidity, the low-molecular-weight fractions tend to bleed from the surface. A number of coatings have been used to arrest this accumulation of low-molecular-weight PEG on the surface of artifacts. The most common remedy is to apply a thin coat of molten high-molecular-weight PEG to the surface of the object. 

Indium-tin oxide (ITO, or tin-doped indium oxide) is a solid miture of indium(III) oxide (Iu203) and tin(IV) oxide (Sn02). It is transparent and colorless in thin layers. In bulk form, it is yellowish to grey. It is a transparent conducting material that is usually used in thin coating form. ITO is commonly used in applications such as touch panels, electrochromic, electroluminescent and LCD displays, plasma displays, field emission displays, heat reflective coatings, energy efficient windows, gas sensors and photovoltaics. 

Thin films of fullerenes, which were deposited on an electrode surface via, for example, drop coating, were largely heterogeneous, due to the entrapping of solvent molecules into their domains. Consequently, their electrochemical behaviour displayed different degrees of reversibility and stability depending on the time of electrolysis and the... 

MicrocrystalUne zeolites such as beta zeolite suffer from calcination. The crystallinity is decreased and the framework can be notably dealuminated by the steam generated [175]. Potential Br0nsted catalytic sites are lost and heteroatoms migrate to extra-framework positions, leading to a decrease in catalytic performance. Nanocrystals and ultrafine zeolite particles display aggregation issues, difficulties in regeneration, and low thermal and hydrothermal stabilities. Therefore, calcination is sometimes not the optimal protocol to activate such systems. Application of zeolites for coatings, patterned thin-films, and membranes usually is associated with defects and cracks upon template removal. 

Abstract The principle of catalytic SILP materials involves surface modification of a porous solid material by an ionic liquid coating. Ionic liquids are salts with melting points below 100 °C, generally characterized by extremely low volatilities. In the examples described in this paper, the ionic liquid coating contains a homogeneously dissolved Rh-complex and constitutes a uniform, thin film, which itself displays the catalytic reactivity in the system. Continuous fixed-bed reactor technology has been applied successfully to demonstrate the feasibility of catalytic SILP materials for propene hydroformylation and methanol carbonylation. 

The ability to apply a planarizing, optically transparent, thermally stable polymer system that cures under relatively mild conditions has recently been demonstrated to have utility in the fabrication of multilayer devices such as advanced color liquid-crystal display - The ability to apply this material as a dielectric or optical coating for thin-film electronics devices has also recently been demonstrated with the fabrication of an optical wave guiding device. ... 

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