Thermosetting polymer PEEKs

Synthetic thermosetting polymers used in the construction industry are polyester, vinylester and epoxies these materials are generally used to manufacture parts of the machines that produce sustainable energy generators. In addition, thermoplastic resins, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethersulphone (PES) and various liquid crystal polymers (LCP) are also used. The latter high performance polymers also meet stringent out-gassing (relevant to space environments) and flammability requirements. 

POSS have been used to develop modem reinforced thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. These materials are commercially manufactured by Hybrid Plastic, Inc. [15]. The company offers POSS-based nanofillers and polymers, which are nano reinforced (e.g. PPE, PEEK, PEI, PP, PA6). Nanostructured POSS chemicals can be used not only in plastics industry applications, but also in the whole technological area. These nanostractures have shown significant promising usage as catalyst supports and in biomedical applications [7]. 

It is interesting to compare the efficiency of the reinforcement for AS4 fibre in PPS and PEEK. In the former case the values are 92% and 63% for modulus and strength respectively and in the latter 99% and 87% respectively. Modulus uptake is excellent in both cases and strength in the second. The poorer strength result for PPS may be due to reduced compatibility between the fibre surface and matrix. This is supported by the lower ILSS value for PPS carbon fibre composite. Compressive properties are notably lower than tensile ones, while transverse tensile properties are similar to those of thermosetting polymer matrix materials. 

Thermosets or highly crosslinked polymers give high char yields. Similarly, many high performance polymers, e.g., PEEK, PES, polyethe-rimide (PEI), not only have high LOI values but also tend to decompose to a char. 

The most common advanced composites are made of thermosetting resins, such as epoxy polymers (the most popular singlematrix material), polyesters, vinyl esters, polyurethanes, polyimids, cianamids, bismaleimides, silicones, and melamine. Some of the most widely used thermoplastic polymers are polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PPE (poly[phenylene ether]), polypropylene, PEEK (poly [etheretherketone]), and ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene). The precise matrix selected for any given product depends primarily on the physical properties desired for that product. Each type of resin has its own characteristic thermal properties (such as melting point... 

The fibres are surface treated during manufacture to prepare adhesion with the polymer matrix, whether thermosetting (epoxy, polyester, phenoUc and polyimide resins) or thermoplastic (polypropylene. Nylon 6.6, PMMA, PEEK). The fibre surface is roughened by chemical etching and then coated with an appropriate size to aid bonding to the specified matrix. Whereas composite tensile strength is primarily a function of fibre... 

Matrix Materials Polymers used for matrix materials are usually thermosets, with epoxies being the most common (35). Others are polyesters and phenolics. Sometimes thermoplastics are used, principally polyimides, polysulfones, and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The matrix has several roles in polymer-fiber composites. These include maintaining desired fiber spacing, transmitting shear loads between layers of fiber, and reducing the tendency to transmit stress concentration from broken fibers to intact fibers. 

In the last twenty years, many polymers have been used to make polymer nanocomposites. Thermoplastic polymers include nylon, polyaniline (PANI), " poly(s-caprolactone), polycarbonate (PC), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA), polyisoprene (PI), polylactide (PLA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), " polypropylene (PP), polypyrrole (PPy)," polystyrene (ps)/ i i7,27,30,49-64 poiy inyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and thermosets include Bakelite, butadiene rubber, epoxy,polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyurethane (PU), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and unsaturated polyester resin. 

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