Thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer

Arkles B, Crosby J (1990) Polysiloxane-thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks. Advances in Chemistry Series 224(Silicon-Based Polym Sci), pp 181-199... 

Addition of sulfonated EPDM, as the zinc salt, plus zinc stearate, to HDPE produced thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks with continuous phases, showing synergistic increase of tensile strength, elongation, and impact strength [80]. 

Vatalis A, Delides C, Georgoussis G, Kyritsis A, Grigoryeva O, Sergeeva L, Brovko A, Zimich O, Shtompel V, Neagu E and Pissis P (2001) Characterization of thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks by various thermal analysis techniques, Thermo-chimica Acta 371 87-93. 

Sergeeva L, Grigoryeva O, Brovko A, Zimich O, Nedashkovskaya N, Slinchenko E and Shtompel V (1997) Pseudo-thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyurethane and styrene-co-acrylic acid, J Prikladn Khim 70 2038-2045 (in Russian). 

Title Characterization of thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks by various thermal analysis techniques, pp. 87-93, Copyright (2004) with permission from Elsevier. 

Peroxides or other additives, eg, chlorinated paraffin, may also cause the thermoplastic resin to cross-link with the siloxanols. In this case, a tme interpenetrating polymer network forms, in which both phases are cross-linked. 

During the same period, commercialization of thermoplastic starch polymer blends was pursued by Novamont, a division of the Ferruzzi Group of Italy.162-172 Their products, marketed under the trade name Mater-Bi, are typically comprised of at least 60% starch or natural additive and hydrophilic, biodegradable synthetic polymers.64,165 It is stated that these blends form interpenetrated or semi-interpenetrated structures at the molecular level. Properties of typical commercial formulations have properties similar to those in the range of low- and high-density PE. Blends of Mater-Bi products with biodegradable polyesters have been claimed for use as water impervious films.173... 

An increase in heat deflection temperature of some thermoplastic polymers can be achieved by the addition of polyfunctional aromatic cyanates (BPA/DC in particular) and trimerization catalysts. A rigid network is formed as a resul t of the cyanate trimerization. The polymer material consists of a linear polymer and a crosslinked network and belongs to the class of semi-IPNs (semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks) the corresponding classification is given in [34-37]. 

Crosby JM, Hutchins MK (1986) Fiber-reinforced thermoplastics containing silicone interpenetrating polymer networks. EP Patent 194350... 

Mishra, V. Murphy, C.J. Sperling, L.H. Interpenetrating polymer networks based on thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) and cis-1,4 polyisoprene. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1994, 53, 1425-1434. 

Polysulfones have been made from acetylene-terminated sulfone monomers (Fig. 3.51), and cured graphite-fiber laminates have shown Tg = 300°C and good mechanical properties at 170°C before and after heat and humid aging. Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks with linear thermoplastic polysulfones showed promise of combining the heat deflection temperature and solvent-resistance of the thermoset polymer with the impact resistance of the thermoplastic. 

A. Rembaum and C. J. Wallace, Membrane Consisting of Polyquaternary Amine Ion Exchange Polymer Network Interpenetrating the Chains of Thermoplastic Matrix Polymer, U.S. Pat. 4,119,581 (1978). Anionic ion exchange membranes. Semi-IPNs. 

The above represents the classical definition of an IPN. The term interpenetrating polymer network was coined before the extent or conseqnences of phase separation were fully realized. This article covers sequential and simultaneous types of IPNs made in bulk and also includes such materials as IPNs based on latexes and suspension-sized particles thermoplastic IPNs, which contain physical cross-links in one or both polymers, and hence may be (partly) soluble and a number of other closely related materials. 

Another procedure for synthesis of polsrmer blends is by formation of interpenetrating polymer networks. A network of one polymer is swollen with the other monomer or prepol5mier after that, the monomer or prepolymer is crosslinked (63). In contrast to the preceding methods used for thermoplastics and uncrosslinked elastomers, blends of reactoplastics are prepared by this method. Phase Structure Development in Molten State. 

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