Thermocouple sensors

Electric tube furnaces of appropriate dimensions are available from various manufacturers. A model RO 4/25 by Heraeus GmbH, Hanau, FRG is suitable. However, a very satisfactory furnace can be built by any well equipped laboratory workshop at little cost and effort. The material required consists of thin walled ceramic tubing, 3.5 cm i.d., nichrome resistance wire, heat resistant insulation, and ordinary hardware material. A technical drawing will be provided by the submitters upon request. The temperature of the furnace can be adjusted by an electronic temperature controller using a thermocouple sensor. A 1.5 kW-Variac transformer and any high temperature thermometer would do as well for the budget-minded chemist. 

As noted in the previous section, the dynamics of the thermowell-thermocouple sensor are often not negligible and should be included in the dynamic analysis. 

The discharge temperature should always be measured with a handheld temperature probe because it provides the most accurate measurement. Thermocouple sensors positioned through transfer lines and exposed to the melt stream do not provide an acceptable measurement of the discharge temperature due to the high... 

Figure 10.11 Temperature plot of a thermocouple sensor moving downstream through a process line. The process noise occurred because the unshielded sensor wires were in the proximity of a motor and heaters...

Although two reactors are shown in Figure 1, they were not used simultaneously. The reactor shown in the center was the fixed bed reactor which is of primary interest in this contribution. It consisted of a 12.7 mm diameter X 250 mm long steel tube packed with 40/50 mesh catalyst (0.3 mm average particle diameter). The reactor was heated by a nichrome wire coil and was well insulated. The coil spacing was adjusted and was packed in insulation with the intent of making the reactor crudely adiabatic. A variac controlled heater on the reactor inlet and a thermocouple sensor kept the feed to the reactor at the nominal reaction (or feed inlet) temperature of 400°C. The tube of the fixed-bed, reactor was fitted with 12 thermocouples to record the axial temperature profile in the bed (Figure 1). 

The 15 thermocouple sensors are embedded in the corresponding position to measure the temperature variation of motor. Six of them are placed to measme the temperatme of end-windings of motor, while each phase winding uses two measming points situated separately at the... 

The reactor was heated using staged resistance heaters which received their power via proportional band controllers activated by thermocouple sensors... 

Tuncol, G., Danisman, M., Kaynar, A. and Sozer, E. M., Constraints on monitoring resin flow in the resin transfer molding (RTM) process by using thermocouple sensors , Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing, 38(5), 1363—1386,... 

In real life, the line source takes the form of a hypodermic sensor probe of finite length and diameter [2]. Typical probes are 50 mm (2 in.) long and about 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) in diameter. They contain a heater element that runs the whole length of the hypodermic. A thermocouple sensor is also located halfway down the length of the probe, to measure the temperature rise associated with the transient. These and other nonlinearities require that the probes be calibrated against a reference material. The resultant probe constant is the ratio of the actual thermal conductivity of the reference material to that measured by the instrument. Silicone fluids have been used for the purpose. 

Stikons. Trade-name for surface thermocouple sensors, made by RDF Corp., New Hampshire, USA. 

Seldom used in planar chromatography, thermocouple sensors are temperature-sensitive. The principle of operation is based on the difference of dilatation coefficients of two distinct metals constituting each strip. 

Sensors, 376-379 chronometers, 379 measuring sensors, 378-379 positioning sensors, 376-377 thermocouple sensors, 379 Sephadex, 109-110 Silica 50,000,108 for separation of carbohydrates, 487 SiUca gel, 17,102-106,930 adsorption chromatognqihy and, 17,104 bound to optically active poly(meth) acrylic acid amid 633-ti34 with concentrating zone, 122 detection of peptides and proteins on, 435-437 partition chromatography artd, 104-106 physical and chemical properties, 102-103 RP-modified, 123 surface-active, 122... 

Kowalska models, 63-64,64-65 Martin-Synge model, 59-60 O ik model, 61-62 Scott-Kucera model, 62-63 Snyder concept of solvent polarity and selectivity, 60-61 Snyder-Soczewkinski model, 60 Thermocouple sensors, 379 Thiamin (vitmainBi), 1047-1048 Thin-layer chromatography cou(ded with mass spectrometry (TLC/MS). 

Flight DAU (Data Acquisition Unit) To acquire information from pressure, temperature, and thermocouple sensors. 

XI.6.2 The aluminum block should have three holes drilled in it. One hole should be drilled through the block, lengthwise, in the center of the end, 6.35 mm (Vi-in.) in diameter. Another hole should be drilled on either side of the center. Its dimensions should be 50.8 by 9.53 mm. (2-in. by 0.375-in.) in diameter. This hole will accept the cartridge heater. The third hole should be 50.8 mm (2-in.) long and 3.18 mm ( /g-in.) in diameter and on the opposite side of center as the cartridge heater. This will accept the thermocouple sensor. 

An electronic control unit permits continuous variation of the soldering bit temperature between 150 and 400 degrees C. By means of a thermocouple sensor located in the soldering iron next to the... 

The process control subsystem was developed to allow control of the moderator level and temperature, in order to perform reactor physics experiments. It was made up of "conventional" instruments, which means AP transmitters (to measure level), thermocouple sensors (to measure temperature), and a single loop controller. 

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