Technical drawing

PATDPA Deutsches Patent- imd Markenamt, Germany German patents biblio. 4.3 mio records, 500 000 technical drawings patent docu- ments STN commercial CD-ROM, online weekly www.cas.org/ ONLINE/ DBSS/patd- pass.html... 

In order to complete this chapter, I had to call on the help of three friends, who I would like to acknowledge. First, I thank Dr. Luc Varin for providing me with unfettered access to his office at the Loyola campus of Concordia, away from the distractions of Montreal s downtown. I also am thankful to Imad Hoteit for reading and providing detailed feedback on the first draft of the chapter. Last, but not least, I would like to thank Mohammad Ebne-Alian for the excellent technical drawings and recreations used to illustrate parts of this chapter. 

Technical drawing Mixed media on paper 61x97cm... 

Electric tube furnaces of appropriate dimensions are available from various manufacturers. A model RO 4/25 by Heraeus GmbH, Hanau, FRG is suitable. However, a very satisfactory furnace can be built by any well equipped laboratory workshop at little cost and effort. The material required consists of thin walled ceramic tubing, 3.5 cm i.d., nichrome resistance wire, heat resistant insulation, and ordinary hardware material. A technical drawing will be provided by the submitters upon request. The temperature of the furnace can be adjusted by an electronic temperature controller using a thermocouple sensor. A 1.5 kW-Variac transformer and any high temperature thermometer would do as well for the budget-minded chemist. 

General Principles Concerning Quantities, Units, and Symbols Technical Drawings—General Principles of Presentation... 

Technical Drawings—Dimensioning-General Principles, Definitions, Methods of Execution, and Special Indications Pipe Threads Where Pressure-Tight Joints are Not Made on the Threads—Part I Designation, Dimensions and Tolerances ... 

In principle, a simple bench-drawing test may be used to obtain an impression of the stretchability and of the natural draw ratio of a given polymer. However, as the rate of deformation in the bench test is appreciably lower than under technical drawing conditions, testing should be done below the technical drawing temperature. An impression of the order of magnitude of this temperature difference may be obtained by application of the Williams-Landel-Ferry equation (see Chap. 13). The temperature difference may be more than 20 °C. 

ASME B46.1-1995 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay). ISO 1302 1994 Technical Drawings — Method of indicating surface texture. ISO 4288 1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture Profile method — Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture. ISO 12085 1996 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture Profile method — Motif parameters. 

Diehl (1950) examined collections from Ichanathus species, which he believed to be conspecific with B. diadema Moller. The fungus from Ichanathus produced a sphacelium and was therefore a Claviceps. However, Moller (1901) clearly noted the absence of conidial fructification associated with the hypothallus in his description of B. diadema from a Panicum species. Diehl (1950) justified the synonymy on the assumption that Moller may have missed the conidia. This is not likely, since Moller specifically mentions looking for conidia both in situ and in culture. Given the detail found in his descriptions and technical drawings, I believe he would have seen conidia had they been there. Thus, the material examined by Diehl represents a species of Claviceps distinct from B. diadema Moll, and is therefore proposed as a new combination C. diadema Diehl, and C. diadema (Moller) Diehl is considered a synonym of Balansia diadema Moller. 

Fig. 4.4 A technical drawing of (1) the cell body, (2) the steel ram, and (3) the flange for an optical cell similar to that shown in Fig. 4.3.

The late Prof. Villermaux stated that while the technology of Concorde has almost nothing to do with that of the Wright brothers or Bleriot, and that they would probably not be able to fly it, technical drawings of chemical processing taken from patents filed in the 1880s are remarkably similar to those still in use and being installed now. The observations on work of Normann above appear sympathetic this assertion. 

Integration of Technical Drawings in a Data Bank System... 

Other natural sciences and technical sciences are prevented from applying such techniques, because in almost all cases there is no posslblblllty of adapting technical drawings, curves etc. by means of a combination of ASCII symbols. We investigated the possibilities of adapting drawings with an extended pool of symbols, available in a videotex environment. For reasons of principle which... 

The technical drawings are created with the aid of geometrical elements available within the system. The following geometrical elements can be used points, straight lines, parallel lines, tangents, circles, arcs, fillets, ellipses, and elliptical arcs such as splines. Furthermore, equidistant lines may be created. Editing commands such as paste, delete, join, extend, trim, and orientation operations... 

Ultimately, seeing a situation from various physical perspectives is relatively easy for engineers who are trained to produce and read technical drawings showing engineering systems in Cartesian projections. 

The phrase steel structural system in an industrial hall means the actual system as it can be shown in a technical drawing with all the necessary engineering details. Its equivalent in biology and in the area of EC is a phenotype, which represents the actual system, natural or engineered, associated with its genome (Figure 10.10). 

International Standard ISO 13715 (2000) Technical drawings edges of undefined shape vocabulary and indications. Beuth Verlag, Berlin... 

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