The emergence and evolution

David Turnbull, in his illuminating Commentary on the Emergence and Evolution of Materials Science (Turnbull 1983), defined materials science broadly as the characterisation, understanding, and control of the structure of matter at the ultramolecular level and the relating of this structure to properties (mechanical, magnetic, electrical, etc.). That is, it is Ultramolecular Science . In professional and educational practice, however, he says that materials science focuses on the more complex features of behaviour, and especially those aspects controlled by crystal... 

L. E. Scriven, On the Emergence and Evolution of Chemical Engineering Ralph Landau, Academic-Industrial Interaction in the Early Development of Chemical Engineering... 

Hiramatsu K., L. Cui, M. Kuioda and T. Ito (2001). The emergence and evolution of methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Trends in Microbiology 9 486 93. 

Few somatic regions encompass the variety of emotionally laden physiological and pathophysiological functions as the pelvic cavity, with its associated urinary, defecatory, and sexual structures and functions. Pelvic and perineal considerations, however, have tended to be overshadowed or overlooked and, alternatively, overemphasized or overexplored during the emergence and evolution of theoretical and hypothetical constructs of child development. 

To answer this question it is necessary to look at the special properties of the element carbon, the properties which are responsible for the emergence and evolution of complex organic molecules. The most important prebiotic condition for the beginning of biological evolution is the appearance of a complex mixture of molecules with a high diversity of structures. Stuart Kauffman calculated that such critical diversity should comprise at least 200,000 molecules with different structures. Basic properties of carbon are such that compounds of this element can form an enormous number of structures. More than ten million organic compounds are known at present. 

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