Thallium bromide chloride

The attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technique is used commonly in the near-infrared for obtaining absorption spectra of thin Aims and opaque materials. The sample, of refractive index i, is placed in direct contact with a material which is transparent in the region of interest, such as thallium bromide/thallium iodide (known as KRS-5), silver chloride or germanium, of relatively high refractive index so that Then, as Figure 3.f8... 

Thallium (ITT) fluoride has been prepared by the action of fluorine or bromine trifluoride on thaUium(III) oxide at 300°C. It is stable to ca 500°C but is extremely sensitive to moisture. Thallium (ITT) chloride can be obtained readily as the tetrahydrate [13453-33-3] by passing chlorine through a boiling suspension of HCl in water. It can be dehydrated with thionyl chloride. Thallium (ITT) bromide tetrahydrate [13453-29-7] is prepared similarly, whereas the iodide prepared in this manner is thaUium(I) triiodide [13453-37-7] H" F2-... 

Thallium-alaun, m. thallium alum, -bromiir, n. thallous bromide, thallium(I) bromide, -chlorid, n. thallium chloride, specif, thallic... 

Thallo-. thallous, thalhum(I). -bromid, a, thallous bromide, thalliuro(I) bromide -chlorat, n. thallous chlorate, thallium(I) chlorate, -chlorid, n. thallous chloride, thallium I) chloride, -fluorid, n. thallous fiuoride. thal lium(I) fiuoride. -ion, n- thallous ion, thal lium(I) ion. -jodat, n. thallous iodate. thal liura(I) iodate. -jodid, n. thallous iodide. thallium(I) iodide, -salz, n. thallous salt. thallium(I) salt, -sulfat, n. thallous aulfate. thailium(I) sulfate, -verbindung, /. thallous compound, thallium(I) compound. 

Metal Halides. Reacts explosively or violently with the following calcium bromide iron(III) bromide or chloride iron(II) bromide or iodide cobalt(II) chloride silver fluoride all four mercury(II) halides copper(I) chloride, bromide or iodide copper(II) chloride and bromide ammonium tetrachlorocuprate zinc and cadmium chlorides, bromides, and iodides aluminum fluoride, chloride, and bromide thallium bromide tin(II) or (IV) chloride tin(IV) iodide arsenic trichloride and triiodide antimony and bismuth trichlorides, tribromides, and triiodides vanadium(V) chloride chromium(IV) chloride manganese(II) and iron(II) chlorides and nickel chloride, bromide, and iodide.17,22"25... 

Thallium dipropyl chloride is obtained by the action of magnesium n-propyl chloride on thallic chloride, the yield being 70 to 80 per cent, of the theory. The compound crystallises from dilute aqueous ammonia in glistening silver plates which decompose at 198° to 202° C. The bromide and iodide M.pt. 188° to 185° C.) are isolated in the usual manner, and the hydk dphide is more easily obtained than in the methyl and ethyl series. 

Thallium(I) chloride, bromide and iodide are made by precipitation from a thallium(I) sulphate solution. TlCl resembles AgCl in solubility, structure and sensitivity to light but is insoluble in ammonia the T1+ ion is evidently too large to form ammonia complexes. TIF is yellow and resembles AgF in colour, structure and solubility. 

Relatively little work has been done on the redox reaction between thallium and halide/pseudohalide ions (75, 93, 97,110, 328-330). Let us consider the qualitative order of stability of thallium(III) in the form of TlXp " complexes, where X = Cl, Br, I, SCN, CN, Thallium(III) forms strong complexes with all these ligands on the other hand, it can oxidize the X ions to X2. It is well known that the thallium(III) chloride complexes are perfectly stable for an indefinite period of time. The corresponding bromide complexes are usually stable, but at low Br/Tl ratios Tl(III) can be reduced by Br the reduction is easily prevented by adding excess of bromine. The iodo and thiocyanato complexes are approximately equally unstable toward redox reaction Tl(III) is rapidly reduced by the anion.Finally, the cyano complexes... 

Blewitt JP (1946) Radiation losses in the induction electron accelerator. Phys Rev 69, 87-95 Blixt J, Glaser J, Mink J, Persson I, Persson P, Sandstroem M (1995) Structure of thallium(III) chloride, bromide, and cyanide complexes in aqueous solution. J Am Chem Soc 117 5089-5104 Blonski S, Garofalini SH (1993) Molecular dynamics simulation of -alumina and y-alumina surfaces. Surf Sci 295 263-274... 

INTRODUCTION This data sheet presents data for the mixed thallium chloride-thallium bromide crystal, ... 

In this communication we will describe a reaction calorimeter developed by GERDING et al (1) and also give an example of its use for the study of the composition of the thallium(III)chloride and bromide complexes. 

Thallium ( T1) (1= 1/2,1/2). The synthesis of thaUimnCIII) chloride and bromide was performed in solution by chlorination and bro-mination, respectively, of the suspensions of the corresponding thalhum(I) halides in acetonitrile. The T1 NMR study of thallium(III) chloride in dimethylsulfoxide showed three sep. signals assigned to the solvated TIQT, TICI3 and TlCli species. 

The structures and Raman spectra of thallium(III) chloride, bromide, and cyanide in aqueous solution were studied by Persson and co-workers [96]. Up to 14 different complexes were analyzed. These include the series [T1(H20) L ] " (L = ligand. Cl, Br, or CN) with X = 1-4 and n = 5, 4, or 2 and two chloro-complexes with x > 4, namely [TlCl5(H20)] and [TlCle]. Table 3 gives the stoichiometry and the point group (obviating the hydrogen bonds) of the different complexes as well as the Raman shift corresponding to the symmetric v(T —L) vibration. 

Thallium(l) chloride and bromide do not form stable complexes with typical anions and do not undergo disproportionation thus electrodes using these salts are characterized by good performance and low temperature hysteresis [153, 154]. Upon galvanostatic polarization they exhibit slight hysteresis, however, lower than for calomel electrode. Electrode potentials are reversible with respect to temperature changes and the dependence of potential on temperature is described by third-degree polynomial functions [153, 154] ... 

Crystals usually are made of KRS-5—a double salt of thallium bromide and thallium iodide. Other types of crystal are available, the more common ones being germanium and silver chloride. KRS-5 crystals should be handled with caution as they are toxic. Whenever they are touched, the operator should wash his hands thoroughly and as soon as is convenient. These crystals are also very soft and easily bent, scratched, or deformed. Silver chloride crystals are very corrosive when in contact with the holder and a wet sample, even when the holder is silver-plated. 

Thallium bromide-Thallium chloride (KRS-6 Crystal) TlBr-TlCl 2.329 600... 

Specifically, it has recently been found 149) that diarylthallium tri-fluoroacetates may be converted into aromatic iodides by refluxing a solution in benzene with an excess of molecular iodine. Yields are excellent (74-94%) and the overall conversion represents, in effect, a procedure for the conversion of aromatic chlorides or bromides into aromatic iodides via intermediate Grignard reagents. The overall stoichiometry for this conversion is represented in Eq. (10), and it would appear that the initial reaction is probably formation of 1 mole of aromatic iodide and 1 mole of arylthallium trifluoroacetate iodide [Eq. (8)] which subsequently spontaneously decomposes to give a second mole of aromatic iodide and thallium(I) trifluoroacetate [Eq. (9)]. Support for this interpretation comes from the... 

Thallium(III), particularly as the trifluoroacetate salt, is also a reactive electrophilic metallating species, and a variety of synthetic schemes based on arylthallium intermediates have been devised.75 Arylthallium compounds are converted to chlorides or bromides by reaction with the appropriate cupric halide.76 Reaction with potassium iodide gives aryl iodides.77 Fluorides are prepared by successive treatment with potassium fluoride and boron trifluoride.78 Procedures for converting arylthallium compounds to nitriles and phenols have also been described.79... 

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